第05讲 九上复习 定语从句-2024年寒假译林版九年级英语精品课

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2024年寒假九年级英语精品课

第05讲 九上复习 定语从句

【基础知识】

定语从句

1.概念：

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。

定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句

如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.

↓      ↓            ↓

先行词 引导词    从句（定语从句）

2.关系词的选用：

3、关系词的省略：

关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略

如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。

The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。

4.关系代词只能用that的情况

(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that

如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember.

(2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.

如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you?

(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who).

如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used.

(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.

如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.

(5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.

如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

5.关系代词只能用which的情况

(1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰

如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书

(2)引导词前有介词

如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。

6.定语从句中的主谓一致

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人

He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一

【考点剖析】

考点一：关系词的选用

例1．Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China. Tu Youyou is the woman ________ used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.

A．which                    B．who                       C．whose                    D．/

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：青蒿在中国是一种普通的植物，屠呦呦是这位使用这种植物的特殊的能量拯救了几百万个生命的女士。根据句意可知，这个空到句末是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the woman，是一个人。which引导定语从句，先行词是物；who引导定语从句，先行词是人；whose是…的，意思不合适。引导词who在从句中做主语，不能省略，故应选B。

例2．Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country?

A．who                       B．who’s                     C．his                         D．whose

【答案】D

【详解】

句意：在你班里有哪个人的家是在那个国家吗？

考查定语从句的关系代词。A. who（谁）；B. who’s（谁是）；C. his（他的）；D. whose（谁的）；判断空格在定语从句中当名词的定语，指“谁的家”；who可当定语从句关系词，当从句的主语，所以排除A；B、C不能做定语从句的关系词，所以排除B、C，故选D。

例3．All people have a keen desire for a more peaceful world_______ provides equal opportunities for each.

A．in which                B．that                        C．/                            D．in that

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：所有人都渴望有一个更加和平的世界，为每个人提供平等的机会。

本题考查定语从句关系词。根据句子结构可知，先行词是world，是一个指物的名词，在从句_______ provides equal opportunities for each.中做主语，所以本题应该选择B。

考点二：只能用that的情况

例4．—Is everything __________ we need to do __________?

—Yes. You needn’t worry about it.

A．which; has done                  B．which; doing                      C．that; done

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——我们所需要做的一切都做完了吗？——是的，你们不必担心。which和that都可以引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，在定语从句中，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词用that，故排除A和B，选C。第二个空done与句首的is搭配，是一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。

例5．The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.

A．that                                   B．which                                C．what

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：唯一能做的事就是阻止他们去那。先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时，只能用that。结合句意，故选A

考点三：定语从句的主谓一致

改写句子

例6．I will ask someone. Someone likes serious movies. (改为定语从句)

I will ask someone ________   ________ serious movies.

【答案】who    likes

【详解】

句意：我会问某人。某人喜欢严肃的电影。本句先行词是someone，指人，引导词可用who，在从句中作主语，likes作谓语动词。故填who；likes。

考点四：关系词的省略

根据句意填空

例7． The next question ________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.

【答案】that/省略

【详解】

句意：下一个我觉得难以回答的问题是玛丽向我提出的。考查定语从句关系词。先行词是question，是物，且在从句中作answer的宾语，又被the next修饰，因此关系代词选用that或省略，不能用which。故填that/省略。

例8． This radio set ________ we have had for two years is a good one.

【答案】which/that/省略

【详解】

句意：这台我们用了两年的收音机是一台好的收音机。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是“radio set”指物，引导词在其后的从句中作宾语，可用which/that/省略引导。故填which/that/省略。

【真题演练】

1．Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is considered the queen of crime novels.

A．what                      B．whose                    C．who                       D．which

…………