2023-2024学年译林版六年级下册英语Unit3《A healthy diet》知识梳理及巩固练习

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2023-2024学年六年级下册英语知识梳理及巩固练习

Unit3《A healthy diet》

一、语音

解析：字母组合ou在单词中一般发/aʊ/

例如：loudly   ground   mountain   around   shout   mouse   house

拓展：字母组合ou还可以发① /u:/，如：group

② /ʊ/，如：should    would

二、重点单词

四会

healthy健康的   diet饮食   need需要

三会

cola可乐

三、核心短语

drink a little water喝一点水

have a lot of rice吃许多米饭

have a few eggs吃几个鸡蛋

have a healthy diet有一个健康的饮食

eat some meat and some vegetables吃一些肉和蔬菜

only eat a little rice只吃一点米饭

at a time一次

get out出去

have some porridge喝一些粥

steamed buns馒头；包子

Western people西方人

have cereal and sausages吃麦片和香肠

have to不得不，必须

go to the supermarket去超市

come with me和我一起来

take a small bottle拿一小瓶

drink too much cola喝太多可乐

too heavy太重

have a rest休息一下

in your meals在你的膳食中

be good for your body对你的身体有益

eat only a little sweet food只吃一点甜食

四、重点句型

1．Mike likes eating sweets, cakes, and ice cream．

  知识点(1):复习eat用法

  用法：eat+可数名词复数/不可数名词

        eat+ a/an+可数名词单数

  例：我喜欢吃鸡蛋。I like eating eggs．

      吃面条eat noodles

  知识点(2):注意ice cream用法

  用法：当ice cream指的是成盒、成杯冰淇淋或独立包装的蛋卷冰淇淋，这时是可数的

        当ice cream指的是从一大盒或一大桶冰激凌中盛出来的一部分，这时不可数

  例：我喜欢冰激凌。I like ice cream．

      请给我两个冰激凌。Two ice creams please．

2．Mike has some bread and milk for breakfast．

  注意：bread为不可数名词

  知识点：介词for用法

  用法：for在这里意为“作为，当”

  例：我带了一些面包作为午饭。I brought some bread for lunch．

  拓展：带有for类的词组listen to the radio for news, wait for sb, look for, be late for, bring some for lunch, plan for the summer holiday, be bad for, be good for, cheer for sb．, for lunch and dinner

3．For lunch and dinner, he has a lot of rice, some fish and some meat．

  注意：rice, fish, meat为不可数名词

  知识点：复习fish用法

  用法：当fish作“鱼肉”时，不可数；当fish作“鱼的条数”时，单复数同形

  例：河里有一些死鱼。There are some dead fish in the river．

       你想要吃一些鱼吗？Would you like some fish?

4．For lunch and dinner, she eats some meat and some vegetables．

  注意：vegetable为可数名词

5．She only eats a little rice．

  知识点：only用法

  用法：only放在句中，应该放在行为动词前面，be动词和情态动词之后。

  例：她只有5岁。She is only 5 years old．

      我只吃一点甜食。I only eat a little sweet food．

6．She eats some fruit every day．

  知识点：fruit用法

  用法：fruit不可数名词

  例：我喜欢吃水果。I like eating fruit．

      冰箱里有一些水果。There is some fruit in the fridge．

7．have和eat区别

相同：have, eat都表示“吃”

不同：have常和三餐的名词连用，是及物动词

      eat常和具体的事物连用，也可单独使用

  例：那个女孩喜欢吃苹果。The girl likes eating apples．

      我喜欢吃。I like eating．

      别吃太多。对你没好处。Don’t eat too much．It’s bad for you．

      你早饭吃什么？What do you have for breakfast?

8．I have to go to the supermarket．

  知识点：不得不做某事have to do sth

  例：睡前，你不得不刷牙。You have to brush your teeth before bedtime．

9．Sam sees some drinks．

  知识点：drink用法

  用法：drink作动词意为“喝”，drink作名词意为“饮料”，此时是可数名词

  注意：果汁是juice

  例：你想要些饮料吗？Would you like some drinks?

10．Mum, can I have some cola?

  知识点：some用法

  用法：以下几种问句中，不能使用any

        Would you like some…?

        Do you want some…?

        Can I have some…?

        Can you give me some…?

  注意：Do you have any…?

  例：你想要些咖啡吗？Would you like some coffee?

      你想要些果汁吗？Do you want some juice?

      我能要些冰激凌吗？Can I have some ice cream?

      你能给我些纸头吗？Can you give me some paper?

五、重点语法

1．a lot of, many, much, some, a few, a little

(1)a lot of可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，意为“许多，大量”，等于many, much, lots

   of等。

   例：他吃很多大米。He has a lot of rice．

       杨玲早饭经常吃很多面条。Yang Ling often has a lot of noodles for breakfast．

       在这里我有许多朋友。I have a lot of/ many friends here．

       我弟弟每天吃许多肉。My brother has a lot of meat every day．

(2)many可以修饰可数名词的复数，意为“许多”，等于a lot of

  例：教室里有许多学生。There are many students in the classroom．

      我有许多兴趣。I have many habits．

(3)much 可以修饰不可数名词，意为“许多”，等于a lot of

  例：冰箱里没有太多食物。There is not much food in the fridge,

      你不应该喝太多可乐。You shouldn’t drank too much cola．

(4)some可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，意为“一些”，表示数量不是很多

  例：午饭和晚饭，她吃些肉和蔬菜。For lunch and dinner, she eats some meat and some vegetables．

      她每天吃些水果。She eats some fruit every day．

      河里有一些鸭子。There are some ducks in the river．

      杯子里有一些水。There is some water in the cup．

(5)a few可以修饰可数名词的复数，意为“几个”，表示数量较少

  例：你可以每周吃几个鸡蛋。You can have a few eggs every week．

      我有几个朋友。I have a few friends．

(6)a little可以修饰不可数名词，意为“一点”

  例：他每天只吃一点甜食。He eats only a little sweet food every day．

      瓶子里有一点水。There is a little water in the bottle．

2．小学阶段常见的不可数名词

  用法：不可数名词指不能以数目来计算的东西，它没有复数形式，同时它的前看不能加

         不定冠词a/an。

  食物类：fruit, rice, fish(鱼肉), soup, pudding, meat, bread, honey, food, tangyuan, chocolate, porridge

  饮料类：coffee, tea, juice, milk, water, cola

  其他：hair, fun, homework, weather, paper, news, air, smoke, rubbish, energy, coal, oil, wood,

        plastic, glass, fireworks, diet, rain

3．名词变复数规则

(1)一般情况下直接加s  例：desk—desks, chair—chairs

(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在词尾加es  例：class—classes, box—boxes, peach—peaches

(3)以”辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加es  例：city—cities, body—bodies

(4)特殊：hero—heroes, mango—mangoes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes

         单复同形 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, fish(鱼的条数)

         man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, child—children

拓展：由2个名词构成的名词的复数

(1)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数，前后2个词都要变成复数形式

   例：woman doctor—women doctors, man teacher—men teachers

(2)若前缀不是man, woman，一般把后面的名词变成复数就可以了

   例：apple tree—apple trees, plastic bag—plastic bags, boy friend—boy friends

巩固练习

一、选出与所给例词画线部分发音相同的选项。

(    )1．cola       A．nose        B．from         C．hot       D．orange

(    )2．few       A．flew        B．drew         C．new       D．chew

(    )3．house     A．should       B．shout        C．cousin     D．young

(    )4．healthy    A．clothes      B．three         C．with      D．these

(    )5．young     A．mouse      B．about         C．country   D．house

二、根据首字母提示完成句子。

1．It’s h________for children to play in the fresh(新鲜的) air．

2．I’m too tired．I need to have a r________．

3．Is there enough(足够的) meat in your d________?

4．I eat a l________ of fruit every day．

三、从方框中选择恰当的短语完成下列句子或对话（每个短语使用一次）

1．Mary has________________．She doesn’t eat too much．

2．There are________________on the table．

3．We shouldn’t eat a lot of________________．

4．–I’m thirsty, Dad．

–Drink________________, please．

5．–Can you help me________________, Liu Tao?

–Sure, Mum．

四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．My mother________ (not do) any housework yesterday．

2．–Would you like________ (any) ________ (fish)?

–Yes, please．

3．Meat and milk________ (make) your body strong．

4．Vitamin________ (keep) skin and hair________ (health)．

5．Last week they________ (not eat) crisps(炸薯片)．

五、按要求完成句子。

1．Cola is not good for our health．(改为同义句)

Cola________ ________ for us．

2．They often have tomatoes on Wednesdays and Thursdays．(改为否定句)

They________ ________ ________ tomatoes on Wednesdays________Thursdays．

3．Mike has some bread and milk for breakfast．(对画线部分提问)

________ ________ Mike________for breakfast?

4．He looks strong．(对画线部分提问)

________ ________ he________?

5．I drink a little juice a day．(对画线部分提问)

________ ________ juice________ ________drink a day?

六、根据上下文及首字母提示填空，完成对话。

Mr Brown: Jack,what would you like________dinner?

Jack: I’d like a sandwich and a large bottle of cola．

Mr Brown: You shouldn’t drink too________cola．It’s not good for you．

Jack: OK, Dad．I’d like a s________bottle．Can I have some s________ food?

Mr Brown: Sure．Please eat a l________at a t________．

Jack: All right．

Mr Brown: What________ you, Alice?

Alice: I’d like some rice, fish and a little meat．

Mr Brown: Would you like some v________, my dear? They’re h________．

Jack &Alice: Sure．

七、用所给词的适当形式填空

1．There is not________ (many) fruit in the fridge．

2．Sam sees some________ (milk) in the fridge．

3．There________ (be) eight bags of rice in the kitchen this morning．

4．Do you have any________ (sweet)?

5．Here are some________ (bottle) of________ (cola) for you．

6．Riding a horse is________ (interest)．I’m________ (interest) in it．

7．How can we keep________ (health)? We should eat________ (health)．

八、单项选择。

(    )1．I will have a________vegetables and a________ rice for dinner this evening．

A．lot;little      B．few;lot       C．little;few       D．few;little

(    )2．There isn’t________ coffee in the cup．

A．some        B．much        C．many          D．a few

(    )3．There are________ sheep________ grass on the hill．

A．little;eat      B．a little;eating       C．a few;eating       D．a few;eat

(    )4．–Can you go to the films with me?

–________, but I have to do my homework first．

A．I’d love to      B．That’s all right     C．Yes,I think so     D．You’re right

九、按要求完成句子。

1．He has a few eggs every week．(对画线部分提问)

_____________________________________

2．My father eats a few pears．(对画线部分提问)

_____________________________________

3．I need four apples．(对画线部分提问)

_____________________________________

4．Su Yang has a healthy diet．(改为一般疑问句)

_____________________________________

5．You should drink much juice．(改为否定句)

_____________________________________

十、根据上下文提示填空，补全对话。

A: What food________Helen like?

B: She________vegetables and eggs．

A: Does she like________ juice?

B: No, she________．But she likes milk．

A: ________does she have for breakfast?

B: She________some noodles and milk．

A: ________she eat any fruit every day?

B: Yes．She________ a healthy diet．

…………

参考答案

一、选出与所给例词画线部分发音相同的选项。

1．A解析：cola/əu/    A．nose/əu/    B．from/ɒ/     C．hot /ɒ/       D．orange/ɒ/

2．C解析：few/ju:/    A．flew/u:/     B．drew/u:/     C．new/ju:/     D．chew/u:/

3．B解析：house/au/   A．should/u/   B．shout/au/     C．cousin/ʌ/    D．young/ʌ/

4．B解析：healthy/θ/   A．clothes/ð/   B．three/θ/      C．with/ð/      D．these/ð/

5．C解析：young/ʌ/   A．mouse/au/   B．about/au/    C．country/ʌ/   D．house/au/

二、根据首字母提示完成句子。

…………