突破05 形容词与副词-2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破及练习（通用版）

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2024年中考英语一轮复习语法知识专项突破

突破05 形容词与副词

【知识突破】

一、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。

1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。

2、形容词在句子中的位置：

（1）作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)

（2）作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable．(这个价格听起来算是合理)

（3）作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean．(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)

（4）后置的情况：

①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him．(他发生了严重的事故)

②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：He’s 1．8 metres tall．(他身高1．8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth．(月球离地38万公里)

3、有关形容词的用法辨析：

⑴ whole与all：记住两个词序：① the whole + 名词； ②all (of) the + 名词。如：He was busy the whole morning．(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns．(他能记住学过的所有单词)

⑵ tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：He’s very tall/short．(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue．(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains．(少量的人住在高山上)

⑶ real与true：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive．(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / –Is that true?—Yes． I heard it with my own ears．(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听)

⑷ interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him． (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself．(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science．(我对自然科学感兴趣)

⑸ such用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy．(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it．(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)

⑹ good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well．如：Doing sports is good for us．(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day．(好好学习,天天向上) / –How are you?—I am very well．(你好吗？我很好。)

⑺ nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake．(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl．(他是个漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天气！) /He’s fine recently(最近)．(近来他身体不错)

⑻ too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。如：I am full because I have had too much rice．(我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭) / That coat is much too dear．(那件大衣太贵了)

⑼ quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home．(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去,却把书包忘记在家) / A train is much faster than a bus．(火车比公共汽车快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon．(他父亲很快就要返回中国)

⑽lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely．(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)/ He is a lonely person． You can not easily get on well with him．(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)

⑾ other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如：The other students are on the playground．(其他学生在操场上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？) / This is nobody else’s money． It’s mine．(这不是别的什么人的钱,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗？

⑿ special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes．(她非常注重着装) / These are special chairs for small children．(这些是专门给小孩子的椅子)

⒀ gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough．(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last．(家长终于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is missing．Who’s taken it away?(我的字典不见了,谁拿走了？) / For more detailed information(详情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(网址)．(如果想知道失踪女孩们的详情,请访问我们的网站)

⒁ living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。

living读[‘liviN]有三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,②“一模一样的、逼真的”,③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；

live读[laiv],指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；

alive读[[‘laiv]作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；

lively读[‘laivli]有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的,②(色彩)鲜艳的,③生动的、真实的。

例如：A living language should be learned orally(口头上)．(活的语言应该从口头上学)(被动句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed．(我们强烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她还活着吗？) / They are the happiest children alive．(他们是活着的最开心的孩子) / This is a live fish．(这是条活鱼) / A live wire(电线) is dangerous．(有电的电线是危险的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小猫)．(她像小猫一样可爱) / He gave a lively description of the football match．(他生动地描述了那场足球赛)

⒂ sick与ill区别：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now．(他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them．(兽医帮助诊治患病的宠物,很受宠物主人们的喜爱)

⒃ the poor(穷人们) / the rich(富人们)等用法：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人物,复数含义。如：We must try our best to help the poor．(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们) / The rich never know how the poor are living．(有钱人哪知穷人怎么过日子)

二、副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。

1、副词的分类：(见下表)

2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：

⑴作状语：

① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow．(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice．(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home．(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)

② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early．(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory．(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day．(这种药一天吃两次)

③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people．(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞)．(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)

④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向)．(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away．(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon．(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)

⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again．(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears．(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus．(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)

⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)

⑦ 连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question．(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger．(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day．(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)

⑧ 关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived．(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well．(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)

⑨ 其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either “也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too．(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket．(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / –Tom doesn’t have a computer． –Nor do I．(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)

(2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment．(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years．(我离开家乡有将近20年了) / Jim is over there．(吉姆就在那边)

(3)作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants．(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s．(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)

(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons．(父亲把他关在家里做作业)

[注意] “动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词,则该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word．(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down．(他把它写了下来。)

3、有关副词的重要注释：

⑴ as…as…常构成一些词组：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing．(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible．(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)

[注释] “as long / much as + 名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan．(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks．(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)

⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于过去时态。②“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”,此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago．(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer．(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/ After a few years he gave up smoking．(过了几年他戒了烟。)

⑶ above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under．如：The stars are high above in the sky．(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly．(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)

当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。

⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(“也不”)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either．(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didn’t watch the football game． Nor did I．(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good．(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)

⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后；too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive．(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/ I don’t like sweets very much．(我不很喜欢糖果)

   [注意] very与 much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：He is very stupid．(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept．(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school．(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/ I don’t like him much．(我不太喜欢他)

⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains．(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time．(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime．(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)

⑺ how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what． 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!((问题)真难呀！)

⑻ already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet．(我还没有吃早饭呢。)

⑼ hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard．(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place．(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)

⑽ like．．．very much、like．．．better(=prefer)、like．．．best的用法：三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如：I like baseball very much．(我非常喜欢棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best．

⑾“quite/what+a+形容词+名词”的用法：记住：①quite/such/what．．．+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙)．(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk．(这真是散步的好日子)

⑿ how 的几个短语：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态； how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)

⒀ much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示“很”,修饰原级形/副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one．(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen．(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)

⒁ no more、no longer、not．．．any more、no．．．any longer的用法：表示时间,可以用no longer、not．．．ny more、no．．．any longer,而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用no more、not．．．any more．如：He no longer lived there．(他不再住在那里) / Tom wanted no more cakes．(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer．(他不再抽烟)

⒂ 被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如： The runner was badly hurt．(赛跑运动员受了重伤) / English is widely spoken in the world today．(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)

⒃ too．．．to．．．与so．．．that．．．的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too．．．to．．． (“太．……以致不……”)是否定的结构,用于简单句；so．．．that．．．(“如此…以致…”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：The child is too young to join the army．(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box．(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)

⒄ 既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday．(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very long．(他在那儿呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way．(好好想你就会找到办法)/ He is a very hard(难对付的) person．(他是个难玩的家伙)

⒅ farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther． 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day．(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/ This problem will be further discussed．(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college．(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)

⒆ rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘：

not nice       (fairly) nice        quite nice          rather nice       very nice

如：It’s quite a nice film．(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影) / It’s rather a nice film．(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)

[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。

⒇ maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”；perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe．(也许你可以把它放在那边) / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time．(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/ I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting．(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)

(21) most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”；mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free．(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Most children are naughty．(大部分的孩子都淘气)/ This is the most exciting part of the film．(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays．(星期天她一般不在家)

(22) (be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做)． / The house is worth ￥300,000．(房子价值30万元)/ This book is well worth reading several times．(这本书值得好好读几遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen．(这是一个值得看的东西)

(23)almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly． almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。如：He had done almost nothing today．(他今天几乎没有干什么) / We are almost/nearly there．(我们几乎就到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words．(几乎没有人懂他的话)

(24) a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive．(这台数码相机有点贵)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday．(今天比昨天冷了点)

另外,a little可以直接加不可数名词,a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold．(我有点感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me, please．(请你去给我搞点水来)

[注意] not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不”,而 not a little则意为“非常,不是一点”。

三、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级

1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。

原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

2、规则变化:

(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。

a)直接加er,est ：

b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：

c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：

(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most．

3、不规则变化:

4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：

(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：

主语(sb．/sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +…．

         如：He is very old now．(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast．(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad．(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)

☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…．

如：He is as excited as his younger sister．(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady．(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did)．(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：

主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) +  as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+…．

如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister．(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady． (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did)． (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)

(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：

主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+…．

如：A modern train is much faster than a car．(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one．(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)

讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：

主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +…．

如：I think English is less difficult than maths．(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)

(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：

主语(sb．/sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of …．

如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China．(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys)．(三个男生中他跳得最高)

四、关于比较等级的重要提示

1、以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four．(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four．(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)

2、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer．(天越来越温暖了)

3、“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be．(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is．(你越是努力,进步就越大)

4、一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday．(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)/He did not eat any more．(他没有再吃)

5、more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under．如：I lived in New York for more than four months．(我在纽约生活了四个多月)

6、“one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire．(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)

7、“Which / Who+动词+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)

8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： —Do you like the smaller one?—Neither．(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)/ –Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)

【能力过关】

一、形容词专练

1． The fish you bought yesterday smells ________． You’d better throw it away．

A． good                    B． bad                      C． well                     D． badly

2． Tom ________ his room every day, so his room is very ________．

A． clean; clean           B． cleans; cleans        C． clean; cleans          D． cleans; clean

3． Your new shirt looks ________ with ________ pink trousers．

A． well, that              B． good, those           C． good, that             D． well, those

4． Mike looks ___________ than Paul, but they are of the same age．

A． youngest               B． the youngest         C． younger                D． very young

5． Jerry is a CEO of a famous company． He is much _________ than any other people．

A． busy                     B． busier                   C． the busiest             D． more busy

6． — What color is the panda?—It is_____．

A． black                    B． white                   C． black and white     D． a black and white

7． Look! The ________ baby looks so happy．

A． sleep                    B． to sleep                C． sleeping                D． sleepy

8． —I’m fine, thank you． (同义替换)

—________．

A． OK                      B． hi                        C． hello                    D． CCTV

9． Qomolangma is ________ than any other mountain． I hope to climb it one day．

A． high                     B． higher                  C． highest                 D． the highest

10． —Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever?

—Yes． It sounds _______．

A． well                     B． loudly                  C． sweet                    D． beautifully

11． Today is much ________ than yesterday． Nice!

A． cool                     B． cooler                  C． coolest                  D． the coolest

12． The population of China is much        than that of England．

A． larger                   B． largest                  C． more                    D． large

13． Anna isn’t ________． Look! Her CDs are everywhere．

A． kind                     B． tidy                      C． fine                      D． welcome

14． Ms． Green has an      daughter．

A． 8-year-old            B． 8 year olds            C． 8-years-old           D． 8 years olds

15． —What is in the box?  —It is Lucy’s ________．

A． white new skirt     B． new red shoes       C． new yellow coat    D． blue new hat

16． The boy is ________ than me．

A． the shortest                       B． short                                C． shorter

17． -Which country has         population，Japan，India or China?

– Japan，of course．

A． small                    B． smaller                 C． smallest                D． the smallest

18． ________ you are, ________ mistakes you’ll make．

A． The more carefully; the less

B． The more careful; the fewer

C． The more careful; the less

D． The more carefully; the fewer

19． —Does my question sound ________ enough?

— I don’t think so． You can ask more ________ by using “could” instead of “can”．

A． politely; politely    B． politely; polite      C． polite; politely       D． polite; polite

20． —Is your hair as ________ as Mary’s?

—No, it isn’t． Hers is ________ than mine．

A． long; long                        B． longer; long                     C． long; longer

21． — Is the red sweater ________ than the purple one?

— Yes． The red sweater is eleven dollars, and the purple one is sixteen dollars．

A． cheapest                           B． cheaper                            C． most expensive

22． —What is the world’s ________ mountain?

—Mount Qomolangma．

A． lower                   B． lowest                  C． higher                  D． highest

23． —I’m proud of Ezhou, our homeland． —So am I． It is becoming ________．

A． more and more beautifully                        B． more beautiful and beautiful

C． more and more beautiful                           D． more beautifully and beautifully

24． My mother is always ________ me because I can’t look after myself．

A． worry                   B． worry about          C． worried                D． worried about

25． —Zhou Fang, can you finish your homework better with _______ time?

—I think I can．

A． few                      B． fewer                   C． little                     D． less

26． The ________ documentary describes ________ in the future．

A． two hours’; how Suzhou will be like

B． two-hours; what Suzhou will be like

C． two-hour; how Suzhou will be

D． two hour’s; what Suzhou will be like

27． Li Lei is as ________ as his father．

A． funny and outgoing                                  B． more funnier and outgoing    C． funnier and more outgoing    D． more funny and outgoing

28． —Tom is a ________ boy．

—Yes, he always has many new ideas．

A． friendly                B． funny                   C． serious                  D． creative

29． — China’s birth rate (比率) dropped to 7．52 births per 1,000 people in 2021．

— Yes． That is the ________ since 1949．

A． highest                             B． lowest                              C． biggest

30． —What do you think of the band’s performance?

—It could be ______． I think they’re feeling very nervous．

A． good                    B． better                   C． bad                      D． worse

31． —What color is the orange?

—It’s ________．

A． an orange             B． orange                  C． the orange             D． a orange

32． —Does the dish taste as ___________ as it looks?

—Yes． I can’t wait to eat it．

A． well                     B． good                    C． better                   D． best

33． —Super brain is a hit TV show recently． Which competitor do you like best?

—I think Zhao Jinhao is one of ______ competitors among them．

A． smart                   B． smarter                 C． smartest                D． the smartest

34． Mount Tai is one of ________ mountains in China． Many people visit it every year．

A． famous                 B． more famous         C． most famous         D． the most famous

35． — How are the farmers in your hometown?

—They are becoming ________．

A． more and more richer        B． richer and richer               C． more rich and more rich

36． Donald Trump is funnier than ________ in the world．

A． any president        B． the other presidents                                  C． any other presidents       D． other presidents

37． The idea doesn’t sound so _________ to me．

A． well                     B． happily                 C． exciting                D． excited

38． —Lucy is a really ________ girl．

—Yes． She gets a good job in a big company(公司)．

A． luck                     B． lucky                   C． unlucky                D． luckily

39． Which scarf is ________, this one or that one?

A． well                     B． good                    C． better                   D． best

40． My mother is hard-working．        she does for my family,        she feels．

A． More; happier

B． The much; the happy

C． The more; the happier

D． The most; the happiest

41． We all like music because it’s ________．

A． boring                  B． relaxing                C． difficult                D． busy

42． We often exercise to keep ________．

A． health                   B． healthy                 C． healthily               D． unhealthy

43． There is ________ bridge over the big river in the city．

A． a 800-meters-long                                    B． an 800-meter-long

C． a 800-meter-long                                     D． an 800-metres-long

44． —The films are all wonderful． I can’t decide which one to choose．

—Why not see My Motherland and Me? I think it’s ________ of all．

A． educational           B． the most educational                                 C． more educational    D． most educational

45． —I can’t believe it． Tony has invented a tree﹣planting machine．

—Really? He is so   _____ ．

A． shy                      B． rude                     C． creative                D． friendly

46． We will have a ________ holiday after the entrance examination for senior high school．

A． two months                      B． two-month                       C． two-months

47． My little brother is ________ to play basketball．

A． enough tall           B． tall enough           C． short enough         D． enough short

48． She is three years ________ than I am．

A． old                       B． oldest                   C． older                    D． much old

49． Taking _______ exercise and eating ____ food can make you keep thin ．

A． more ; less            B． more ; more          C． less ; more            D． less ; less

50． Though Bruce is only a ________ boy, he can help his parents do housework．

A． five years old                   B． five-years-old                   C． five-year-old

51． The boss wants to keep his shop ______ for another three hours．

A． to open                 B． opened                 C． open                     D． opens

52． The new plan is not perfect, but it’s ________ better than the old one．

A． more                               B． less                                  C． much

53． —What do you think of the music?

— It sounds ________ because the boy plays the violin so ________．

A． good; good                       B． well; well                         C． nice; good        D great; well

54． She’s _______ at the result．

A． surprise                B． surprising             C． to surprise             D． surprised

55． Students find that online classes are as _______ as traditional ones．

A． helpful                 B． more helpful         C． the most helpful    D． most helpful

56． —Are you as ________ as Mr． Huang, Mary?

—Sure． And we are good friends．

A． friendlier              B． friendliest             C． friendly                D． much friendlier

57． Of the two math problems, I can just work out _________ one．

A． the less difficult    B． more difficult       C． the more difficult  D． less difficult

58． Lucy didn’t make any mistakes in the math exam． She is ________ than any other student．

A． the most careful    B． more careless        C． more careful         D． much careful

59． —You have made great progress on your study．

—Thank you． I believe ________ you work, the better grades you will get．

A． the more careless   B． the more careful    C． the worse              D． the harder

60． The number of the factories in Tongshan Area is getting ________ and more and more people come to work here．

A． less and less                                             B． fewer and fewer

C． larger and larger                                      D． smaller and smaller

61． ________ students went to the university to listen to the ________ speech．

A． Hundred of; 120-minutes                          B． Hundreds of; 120-minutes

C． Two hundred; 120-minutes                        D． Two hundred; 120-minute

62． My brother is a ________ player． He can play basketball very         ．

A． good; good           B． good; well            C． well; good            D． well; well

63． Selling things through livestreaming(直播) online is becoming ________．

A． as popular as                                           B． less popular

C． so popular as                                           D． more and more popular

64． —Hello! This is Huizhou Hotel． Can I help you?

—I want to spend this weekend in your town． Do you have a room ________ for this Saturday?

A． available               B． useful                   C． empty                   D． possible

65． —Which team will win the basketball match, the Lakers or the Rockets?

—The Lakers, I think． Because it is ________ of the two teams．

A． stronger                B． strong                  C． the strongest          D． the stronger

66． For lunch, she eats___________ fruit and vegetables．

A． a lot                     B． any                      C． lots of                  D． much

67． I had a fever yesterday． I felt ________ and ________．

A． terribly; sleepy                                        B． terrible; sleep

C． terribly; sleep                                          D． terrible; sleepy

68． Jane is ________ girl and she is in Grade 1．

A． a 8-years-old         B． an 8-years-old       C． a 8-year-old          D． an 8-year-old

69． I don’t have much ________ time on school days．

A． clean                    B． easy                     C． free                      D． cute

70． Yuan Long ping is regarded as one of the_________ of the 21st century．

A． successful scientist            B． most successful scientist     C． most successful scientists

71． This film isn’t ________ so that nobody is ________ in it．

A． interesting; interested        B． interested; interesting        C． interesting; interesting

72． He was ________ at the news and looked at me with his mouth ________．

A． surprised; opened wide                             B． amazed; open widely

C． amazing; open wide                                  D． surprised; open wide

73． Who has ________ free time, you, your mom or dad?

A． the fewest             B． less                      C． more                    D． the least

74． Many students think that singing songs is ________ listening to music．

A． more happy                                             B． the most exciting

C． as interested as                                         D． as relaxing as

75． The ________ she works, the ________ she feels．

A． hardest; happier     B． harder; happier      C． hardest; happiest    D． harder; happiest

76． —Why don’t you exercise every day?

— That’s ________said than done．

A． easy                                 B． easier                               C． the easiest

77． ________ exercise you take, _______ you’ll be．

A． The less; the fatter                                    B． The fewer; the fatter

C． The fewer; the fat                                     D． The less; the more fatter

78． — Chinese mountain climbers got to the top of Qomolangma again in 2020!

— How exciting! Qomolangma is one of ________ places for serious mountain climbers．

A． popular                B． more popular        C． most popular         D． the most popular

79． Now the air in our town is ________ than it used to be． Something must be done to stop it．

A． very good             B． much better          C． rather than            D． even worse

80． Kelly prefers Chinese to history． She thinks Chinese is much ________．

A． more useful          B． useful                   C． the most useful      D． most useful

81． Hard work brings us ________, but if we are lazy, we won’t be ________．

A． success; success                                        B． successful; success

C． success; successful                                    D． successful; successful

82． Shenyang is more beautiful than _______ in China．

A． any other city        B． the other city        C． any city                D． other cities

83． The flowers in the flower shop look ________ and sell ________．

A． good; good           B． well; well             C． well; good            D． good; well

84． —Have you heard of Grandpa Zhong Nanshan?

—Of course, he is an ______ doctor． Though he is in his ______ he is still fighting NCP at the front line． He is our national hero．

A． 84-year-old, eighties         B． 84 years old, eighty           C． 84 years’ old, eighty

85． If you want to be in good ________, you should eat ________ food．

A． healthy; healthy     B． health; health        C． healthy; health       D． health; healthy

86． —While watching Stephen Chow’s films, I am often made ________ again and again．

—So am I． And laughing can make us _________ ．

A． laugh; relaxed                                          B． to laugh; relaxed

C． to laugh; to relax                                      D． laugh; relax

87． This kind of mooncake tastes ________， and it sells ________．

A． good; well                                               B． good; good

C． well; well                                                D． well; good

88． — How are you today, Bob?

— I’m even ________ now． I don’t think the medicine is good for me．

A． better                               B． worse                              C． worst

89． Tom is a ________ boy and his little sister Jean is only ________．

A． fifteen-year-old; five-year-old

B． fifteen years old; five-year-old

C． fifteen-year-old; five years old

D． fifteen years old; five years old

90． Three Chinese astronauts began their ________ journey in space on October 16, 2021．

A． six-months                       B． sixth-month                      C． six-month

91． Some people always want themselves look much ________, so they do something to hide their fool actions．

A． smarter                 B． the smartest          C． less smart              D． smart

92． My mother always tells me not to worry, “the last laugh is ________ laugh．”

A． good                    B． better                   C． best                      D． the best

93． —We should treasure the things we own．

—Yes． We must treat it well and try to be, in my opinion, as ________ as possible．

A． the most carefully             B． carefully                          C． careful

94． Boys and girls, believe in yourselves! _________ you read the questions, _________ mistakes you will make．

A． The more carefully, the less                                              B． The more careful, the fewer C． The more carefully, the fewer

95． Lucy is one of ________ students in our class． She does the homework ________ than Jack．

A． the most hard­working; much carefully

B． more hard­working; much more carefully

C． the most hard­working; much more carefully

D． more hard­working; more carefully

96． The Harry Potter series is a great ________ and has been ________ brought to the big screen

A． successful; successful                                B． successful; succeeded

C． success; successfully                                 D． success; successful

97． The city ______ we stayed a few years ago is ______ beautiful than before．

A． where; much more B． which; much more C． who; much            D． what; more

98． —Which country has the ________ population in the world?

—China． It’s a little ________ than that of India．

A． most, most                                              B． biggest, bigger

C． more, most                                              D． bigger, bigger

99． The talent show is ___________ the game show． I like both．

A． as boring as          B． not so bored as      C． as interesting as     D． not so interested as

100． —Which country has ________ population, India, China or the US?  —China

A． the largest               B． the smallest       C． the most               D． the least

一、副词专练

1． My cousin gets up very early every day, so he is ________ late for school．

A． never                   B． always                  C． usually                 D． sometimes

2． My classmate Jenny is ________ thinking of others and all of us like her．

A． sometimes            B． usually                 C． hardly ever           D． always

3． My grandmother ________ up at 5 o’clock in the morning．

A． get always            B． always get            C． always gets           D． gets always

4． —Does my question sound ________ enough?

— I don’t think so． You can ask more ________ by using “could” instead of “can”．

A． politely; politely    B． politely; polite      C． polite; politely       D． polite; polite

5． —How often do you exercise?

—______ because I am very busy with my work．

A． Hardly ever                                             B． Often

C． Always                                                   D． Usually

6． The boy __________ his parents for help．

A． always ask            B． ask always            C． always asks           D． asks always

7． These two young men stood ________ watching the train moving away．

A． by there                B． from there            C． there                    D． to there

8． If one of your friends sends you a message to borrow money on the Internet, you’d better phone him      first to make sure of that．

A． recently                           B． directly                            C． finally

9． Sandy likes travelling． She _______ stays at home during holidays．

A． seldom                 B． usually                 C． always                  D． often

10． I ________ watch movies on my mobile phone because it makes me uncomfortable．

A． seldom                 B． often                    C． usually                 D． sometimes

11． What a terrible experience! ________, lucky us, we are safe now．

A． Anyway               B． Otherwise             C． For example          D． As a result

12． —Would you like some Coke?

—No, thanks． I _________ drink Coke．

A． never                   B． always                  C． often                    D． usually

13． Mary ________ school．

A． is never late for     B． is never late to      C． never is late at       D． never is late for

14． Everyone in our neighborhood loves my grandma because she is ________ kind to others．

A． never                   B． always                  C． seldom                 D． sometimes

15． Speak aloud, please! I can             hear you．

A． nearly                              B． almost                             C． hardly

16． Jack’s mother prepares breakfast for him almost every day, so he ________ eats out．

A． sometimes            B． usually                 C． seldom                 D． often

17． People should ________ pick up the rubbish whenever they see it．

A． never                   B． seldom                 C． sometimes             D． always

18． ________, you did it． Let’s forget the result and prepare for the next game．

A． Anyway               B． However              C． Certainly              D． Anytime

19． Tina ________ drives to work． But today she drives because of the rain．

A． always                  B． often                    C． sometimes             D． hardly

20． —Bill, I planned to give you the card on Saturday, but I ________ forgot．

—That’s OK． I won’t use it until next weekend．

A． completely            B． recently                C． quietly                  D． clearly

21． — Can you tell me something about Joan?

— Certainly． She is a nice girl． She           follows the school rules at school．

A． never                   B． always                  C． sometime              D． sometimes

22． We had a picnic last Saturday． ________, it was sunny and warm．

A． luck                     B． Lucky                  C． Luckily                 D． Unluckily

23． Seeing the new changes in her hometown, Nanjing, Sandy could ________ believe her eye．

A． properly               B． highly                  C． nearly                   D． hardly

24． The dining hall isn’t ________ for 200 people to sit ________．

A． enough big; 不填  B． big enough; 不填  C． large enough; in    D． enough large; by

25． Alice ________ late __________ school．

A． never is; for          B． is never; to           C． is never; for          D． never is; to

26． —You look so tired, Sue．

—I  ________ slept last night． I feel very terrible now．

A． always                  B． ever                     C． hardly                  D． usually

27． They speak English ________ so that ________ can understand ________．

A． well enough, nobody, they                        B． enough well, everyone, them

C． well enough, everyone, them                     D． good enough, everyone, them

28． The flowers in the flower shop look ________ and sell ________．

A． good; good           B． well; well             C． well; good            D． good; well

29． People speak ________ of the boy because he can fly kites very ________．

A． high; high             B． high; highly          C． highly; high          D． highly; highly

30． —I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning． What about you?

—I ________ get up so early． I usually get up at 7: 00．

A． sometimes            B． often                    C． always                  D． never

31． —Did you go 　　　　 last summer holiday?

—Yes． I went to Shanghai Disneyland．

A． somewhere special B． anywhere special   C． special somewhere D． special anywhere

32． Every day he works _______ and _______．

A． busy, late              B． busily, lately         C． busily, late            D． busy, lately

33． —Does Tara often get up as ________ as Tina?

—No, she doesn’t．

A． early                    B． earlier                  C． earliest                 D． the earliest

34． I get up early, so I am ________ late for school．

A． always                  B． never                   C． usually                 D． sometimes

35． —Where are you going for your holiday?

—I’m going ________ because it’s too cold here．

A． everywhere warm             B． warm somewhere              C． somewhere warm

36． Tony doesn’t speak ________, but his written work is excellent．

A． as well as              B． as often as            C． well enough          D． good enough

37． He solved the problem _______ from others．

A． was different         B． differently            C． different               D． so different

38． Andy studies _______ and he _______ plays with his friends．

A． hard; hard                        B． hardly; hardly                   C． hard; hardly

39． Of all the clothes stores, you can buy clothes ________ in Blue Moon．

A． cheap                   B． cheaper                C． the most cheaply    D． the cheapest

40． —You have made great progress on your study．

—Thank you． I believe ________ you work, the better grades you will get．

A． the worse              B． the harder             C． the more careless   D． the more careful

41． It takes about fifteen minutes ________ there

A． to get                   B． to get to               C． to                         D． to walk to

42． —What do you think of the music?

— It sounds ________ because the boy plays the violin so ________．

A． good; good                       B． well; well                         C． nice; good        D great; well

43． Jack doesn’t work ________ Tom．

A． as good as             B． so good as            C． so hard as             D． so harder as

44． —Can your brother play chess?

—Yes, he ________ ． But he can’t play ________．

A． can; good             B． can’t; nice            C． can; well               D． can’t; fine

45． The soft music sounds __________． We are all listening __________．

A． beautiful; carefully                                   B． noisy; careful

C． moving; careful                                       D． happily; carefully

46． —Jimmy, ________ you study, ________ result you will get．

—I know, Miss Gao．

A． The better; the harder                               B． the hard; the better

C． The harder; the well                                 D． the harder; the better

47． —Did Jim watch the game show with you yesterday?

—No． He studies so ________ that he ________ goes out these days．

A． hard; hard             B． hard; hardly          C． hardly; hardly       D． hardly; hard

48． __________ the boy is running! He must be the first place．

A． What fast              B． How quick            C． How fast               D． How slowly

49． Tom sat ________ to his mother with his eyes half ________．

A． closed; opened      B． close; open           C． closely; opening    D． close; opened

50． “We shouldn’t worry about Marry．” “You are right． She is ___ to look after ___．”

A． old enough; herself   B． big enough; herself   C． enough old; her  D． enough big; her

…………

参考答案

一、

1． B

【解析】句意：你昨天买的鱼闻起来坏了，你最好把它扔掉。good意为“好”，是形容词， bad    意为“坏的”，是形容词，well意为“好”，是副词，badly意为“坏地”，是副词。smells意为“闻起来”，是系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据You’d better throw it away．可知，故选B项。

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