第11讲 条件状语从句-2023年新九年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

第11讲 条件状语从句

第一部分  条件状语从句的用法

条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。在英语中由连接词if或unless等引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中），一件事情（主句）才能发生，通常译作＂假如，只要，如果＂等意思。条件状语从句中，主从句的时态要遵循＂主将从现＂的原则。即，主句是将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。

引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if(如果)，unless(除非)，as long as(只要)等。如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句也用一般现在时来表示。如：

I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就待在家。

You can’t learn English well unless you work hard.

除非你努力学习，否则是学不好英语的。

1.if引导的条件状语从句

表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。

If we pay much attention to the earth, we’ll have a better world.

如果我们多关爱地球，就会拥有一个更美好的世界

If it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 如果明天下雨，我们怎么办？

If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.

如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。

注意：if还可以引导虚拟条件句，表示不可实现的条件，从句中多用一般过去时或过去完成时。

What would happen if there were no water? 如果没有水会怎样？

2.unless引导的条件状语从句

unless的意思是＂如果不，除非＂。可与if… not互换。

You will fail in English unless you work hard.

你英语考试会不及格的，除非你更加努力。

You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

如果你不早点动身，你就不能及时赶到那儿。

Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。

3.as /so long as引导的条件状语从句

as /so long as的意思是＂只要＂

So long as you’re happy, I will be happy. 只要你高兴，我就高兴。

You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.

只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。

4.once引导的条件状语从句

once引导的条件状语从句，意为＂一旦……就＂，从句可置于主句前或后。

Once you begin, never stop. 一旦开始，就绝不要停止。

Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules.

一旦你理解了规则，数学就不难学了。

提示：在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

If the weather is bad next week, we’ll put off the climbing.

如果下周天气不好，我们将推迟爬山。

Father told me if I worked hard he would buy me a gift.

爸爸告诉我，如果我努力学习，他会给我买一份礼物。

5.引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如：

If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.

如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。

If you have finished the homework, you can go home.

如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。

另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如：

If I were you, I would invite him to the party.

如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。

I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.

要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。

6.if 条件句的时态搭配

（1）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。

（2）if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can。

If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.

如果雾再大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。

If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。

（3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should。

If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.

如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。

（4）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时。

If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。

（5）if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时。

If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.

如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。

（6）if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时。

If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.

如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账。

【知识拓展】 

1.在以when，before，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，也适用＂主将从现＂原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。

I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.

当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。

she will give you a call as soon as she returns.

她一回来就会给你电话。

2.If条件句的同义句：祈使句，and /or+将来时态的陈述句。

Work hard, and you will make great progress.

= If you work hard, you will make great progress.

如果你努力学习，你就会取得大的进步。

Hurry up, or you will be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.

如果你不快点，你就要迟到了。

【巧学妙记】

第二部分  条件状语从句专项训练（含解析）

一、单项选择

1．—Daniel wants to know if the Class 3 students ________ hiking tomorrow.

—Well, if it ________, they’ll visit the museum instead.

A．go; will rain     B．go; rains

C．will go; rains    D．will go; will rain

2．—Do you go to school by bike every morning?

— Yes, _________it rains heavily.

A．because    B．as      C．unless       D．if

3．”Don’t go to Wuhan ________ it’s really necessary,” Zhong Nanshan, a famous expert said to the public. But he rushed to Wuhan by train to fight against the virus.

A．unless       B．when C．since D．although

4．—________ you know when an idiom is being used, you can’t easily understand what you read.

—I think so.

A．Unless      B．Until C．If      D．Once

5．—The theatre will close ________ some extra money is found.

—What a pity! We may not enjoy operas any more.

A．or     B．unless       C．since D．and

6．-We’ll visit the Green Expo Garden ___________ there is a heavy min tomorrow.

-OK! Flying kites there must be great fun.

A．unless       B．since C．until  D．if

7．—Will Amy come to my birthday party tonight?

—She says she won’t come _____________she is invited.

A．unless       B．when C．if      D．before

8．—Tommy, do you know if Frank _____ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it _____?

—Sorry, I have no idea.

A．will go, is going to be fine     B．goes, is fine

C．will go, is fine  D．goes, will be fine

9．______ you go to the supermarket at 7 p.m, you can buy a lot of cheap food.

A．If      B．Unless      C．Whether   D．When

10．—It is impossible for me to be an astronaut. It is too difficult.

—You’ll achieve your dream some day ________ you keep trying and never give up.

A．as long as B．even though     C．so that      D．unless

11．Paul, you will surely realize your dream of being a writer _______ you give it up halfway.

A．unless       B．if      C．although

12．__________ you fail, don’t be afraid and remember to learn a lesson from this failure.

A．As    B．Until C．Unless      D．If

13．—The sports meeting will continue ________ it rains this afternoon.

—I hope it won’t rain then.

A．unless       B．if      C．since D．as soon as

14．We have to take temperatures, wear masks, wash hands often and don’t go out ________it’s necessary during the special period.

A．if      B．though      C．unless       D．whether

15．We will go for a picnic if it______tomorrow.

A．doesn’t rain     B．wasn’t rainy     C．won’t rain D．wasn’t raining

16．If you ______ there tomorrow，I will go with you．

A．go     B．will go

C．are going  D．have gone

17．I don’t know _______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he comes, I’ll let you know.

A．if, whether       B．whether, If       C．while, If

18．—I wonder if our foreign teacher Mr. White________ to his hometown next Tuesday.

—I’m not sure. But if he returns to his hometown, I ________him off.

A．returns; see      B．will return; see

C．will return; will see  D．return; will see

19．You won’t get paid for time off________you have a doctor’s note.

A．after  B．unless       C．because     D．if

20．— Can you go to the movies with me tonight?

—I have to ask my mum. If I______, I will go with you.

A．allow       B．allowed    C．am allowed      D．will be allowed

21．You can have the cat _______ you promise to take good care of it.

A．so     B．if      C．although   D．unless

22．— Will you go to Mary’s housewarming party next Sunday?

— Unless I ________, I won’t go.

A．am invited       B．invited      C．will be invited

二、汉译英：整句

23．如果不能及时解决这个问题，我们会遇到很多麻烦。

__________________________________________________________________

24．如果每个人都注意保护环境，我们的城市会变得越来越美。

__________________________________________________________________

25．除非你努力，否则你不能实现你的梦想。

__________________________________________________________________

26．如果在这新建一座机场，许多动物将失去家园。

__________________________________________________________________

三、完成句子

27．如果明天下雨，他们就不去划船了。

They won’t go boating _____________________.

28．只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。

____________ you’re happy, that’s all that matters.

29．如果明天下雨，我们就不打排球了。

________ it ________ tomorrow, we ________ ________ volleyball.

30．只要你通过了考试, 我就会给你买一辆新自行车。

I will buy a new bike for you ________ ________ ________ you pass the exam.

…………

参考答案

1．C

【详解】

句意：——丹尼尔想知道三班的学生明天是否要去徒步旅行。——哦，如果下雨，他们就去参观博物馆。

考查时态。第一处if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，根据“tomorrow”可知，用一般将来时；第二处if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，需满足“主将从现”，用一般现在时。故选C。

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