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2023年新九年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练
第5讲 情态动词
第一部分 情态动词语法
情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战2020年中考时,考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
中考考查重点:
1.情态动词的意义;
2.情态动词的基本句型;
3.情态动词的基本用法。
情态动词的用法
情态动词 | 用法 | 例句 | ||||
can/could | 表示能力,意为"能,会" | I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 | ||||
表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may | She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 | |||||
用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句 | The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。
There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢? |
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【知识拓展】
1. can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, …can;否定回答用No, …can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I can’t 不,我不会。 2. can,could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 |
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may/might | 表示允许或许可,意为"可以" | May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗? | ||||
表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉 | —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。 |
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用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句 | He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。
She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 |
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【知识拓展】
1. may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, …may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, …can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,maynot/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。 The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 |
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must | 表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气 | You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 | ||||
mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的劝告 | You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 | |||||
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 | This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。
He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 |
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【知识拓展】
1. must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, …must.;否定回答为No, …needn’t./No, …don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗? —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。 2. must和have to的区别: ①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的"必须",就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 |
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will | 表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为"愿意" | If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。 | ||||
用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等 | Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗? | |||||
表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为"总是" | Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。 | |||||
would | 作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意" | He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 | ||||
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 | Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 | |||||
用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉 | Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? | |||||
【知识拓展】
would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。 Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗? Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗? I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 |
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shall | 用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见 | Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’
Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生? |
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用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等 | Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。 | |||||
should | shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见 | I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 | ||||
表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点 | ||||||
表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为"竟然,居然" | ||||||
need | 表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句 | Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?
You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 |
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【知识拓展】
need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, … must.;否定回答为No, … needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。 |
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have to | 表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(=
needn’t) |
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。 |
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第二部分 情态动词专项训练(含解析)
一、单项选择
1.Please don’t make so much noise. I ________ hear the speaker very well.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
2.—Eighty dollars for such a T-shirt! You ________ be joking!
—I’m serious. It’s made of silk from Suzhou.
A.must B.can C.will D.may
3.You________ have the wrong number. There is no such person.
A.need B.can C.shall D.must
4.— I think the man over there must be Douglas.
— It ________ be him. He has ________ to Australia.
A.can’t, gone B.can’t, been C.may not, been D.mustn’t, gone
5.—Let’s go climbing, shall we?
—You ______ be joking! Don’t you know it is raining hard now?
A.can B.may C.must D.need
6.—Why didn’t you tell me earlier? —Why ________ I? I want to have my own secret.
A.can B.may C.should D.shall
7.—Do you have any plans for the coming summer holidays?
—I ________ take part in some volunteering activities. I haven’t decided
A.need B.may C.must D.could
8.Routes are countless. Safety is foremost. So everyone ________ drive after drinking alcohol(酒).
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t
9.Lang Ping, the coach of Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team, says “As a player, you ________ be too hard-working.”
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
10.—________ I see your ID card? We have to check it.
—Sure. Here you are.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
11.— Where is your sister? I want to ask her about her homework.
— I’m not sure. She ________ be playing with her classmates outside.
A.must B.should C.would D.may
12.I can’t go to the concert. I ________ go to the hospital to see my grandma.
A.must B.would C.can D.should
13.— Do you need to take winter clothes to Xiamen?
— Yes. It’s pretty hot in summer there, but it _______be quite cold in winter.
A.should B.can C.need D.must
14.—You don’t have to take an umbrella with you. It isn’t going to rain.
—Well, I am not sure. It do.
A.must B.need C.may D.would
15.–Dad, may I go out to play basketball with James?
–If you _______, come back before lunch.
A.must B.may C.might D.should
16.Driving in rush hours _______ be very dangerous, so you _______ be too careful.
A.should; ought to B.could; should C.might; mustn’t D.can: can’t
17.—Can we still see this kind of rare trees in the Purple Mountain?
—It is hard to say. There _______ be some on the top of it.
A.will B.must C.may D.need
18.You look quite tired. You’d better ________ a good rest.
A.stop to have B.stop having C.to stop to have D.to stop having
19.There _________ no flowers in the garden in winter.
A.may have B.maybe C.may D.may be
20.—Could you tell me how to renew the library books?
—With pleasure. You ________ come to our desk every time. It’s easier to renew them online.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
二、完成句子
21.政府必须确保所有的口罩都是达到标准的。
The government ________________ all the masks ________________.
22.如果你发高烧的话,最好不要外出。
If you ________ , you ________ go outside.
23.政府再怎么关注孩子们的食品安全问题都不为过。
The government can ____________________ the food safety of children.
24.除非你控制好情绪,否则我们不能执行这项计划。
We can’t ____________________________________________________________ your moods.
25.不要写得太快,否则你可能会犯拼写错误。
Don’t_________________________________,or you may____________________________________。
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
26.The problem was that very few people knew me or could even _________(pronunciation) my name.
27.We students should__________ (obey) the school rules or will be punished.
28.—Mum, could I take off my mask today? It’s a little hot.
—Well, I’m afraid we ________ (wear )masks for some more time.
29.When making a fruit salad, you’d better ______ fresh fruit.(choose)
30.The problem was not many people knew me or could even________ my name.(pronunciation)
…………
参考答案
1.B
【详解】
句意:请不要发出那么多噪音。我不能很好地听清楚发言者的话。
考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必,指没必要;can’t不能,指不能够;shouldn’t不应该,表建议;mustn’t不能,表禁止。根据上文“Please don’t make so much noise”可知,别人发出了太多噪音,所以他“不能够”听见演讲者的话,需用情态动词can’t。故选B。
2.A
【详解】
句意:——这样一件t恤要80美元!你一定是在开玩笑!——我是认真的。这是苏州的丝绸做的。
考查情态动词辨析。must一定,表肯定推测;can能,表能力或许可;will表意愿或请求;may可以,表允许。根据回应“Eighty dollars for such a T-shirt! ”,可知对方推测店主在开玩笑,故选A。
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