第18讲 短文填空解题技巧-2023年新七年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

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2023年新七年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

第18讲 短文填空解题技巧

第一部分 题型解题技巧

一、短文填空题型介绍

短文填空这种题型一般是给出一段短文，出题的方式比较多样。这种题型一般难度稍大。考查的是同学们对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力，以及对全文逻辑推理能力。是中考重要题型之一。

二、短文填空题型做题技巧

①英语首字母填空

1.通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。

2.复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词

在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。要注意上、下文的关系，把握文章的整体意义。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避，待理解全文后再找解决方法。有些短文填空题，出现约 3%~5% 的生词很正常，要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。

3.反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理

再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。

4.认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：

做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。

②选词填空

该题型是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。

1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。

2.仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。

③自由填空

该短文填空题型相关短文的话题一般是一个学生们都非常熟悉的话题，相对比较容易理解，难度不大。题型根据文意在空格填写适当的单词，题目中没有给出关于单词的任何提示，学生们只能通过上下文的意思进行猜测，还需要注意单词的适当形式。做题时，应先通读短文，将空格隔过去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再确切理解每句话想要表达的内容，填写适当的单词。句子的结构、固定短语等，也是解题的关键。

④杂糅性填空

首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。

语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．

⑤考提示词填空

本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的汉语提示填写出合适的词语。

短文填空，要求根据句意结构和单词提示填空，使句意通顺，文意连贯。主要考查单词形式，包括名词的单复数和所有格、动词的三单形式、非谓语动词、基数词或序数词，主格代词/宾格代词和物主代词（形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词）等。这类题目难度不大，重点是掌握句意，在理解的基础上把握句子时态，从而判断所给单词的正确形式。

第二部分 短文填空专项训练（含解析）

一

A healthy diet is i1． for a student. Sweet food gives students energy but it’s not good for health because there is too much s2． in it. Students need to eat more fruit and vegetables if they want to k3． healthy. Also, they need to do more exercise.

Daniel is a student. He likes s4． and he is good at all his lessons. After class, he likes chatting w5． his friends on the Intemet. He doesn’t have a healthy diet or lifestyle.He loves Coke and hamburgers. He always eats hamburgers for lunch. He h6． to eat vegetables and never does e7． so he is not strong. He wants to play basketball but he can’t run f8．. He is fat now and doesn’t have e9． energy to study. He decides(决定) to c10． his lifestyle now. He wants to have healthy food. He also plans to go swimming twice a week.

二

My name is Grace. I am friendly and honest. I am good at English and M11． . I like playing computer games, r12． books and traveling. I also like playing volleyball. And I want to b13．   a famous volleyball player when I grow up. What I like most is  to see the birds flying freely in the sky. Of all the subjects, I like English best b14． I have a good English teacher, Mrs Liu. We respect and love h15． very much.

Mrs Liu w16． very hard. She is always the first to come and the l17．  to leave  her office. She tries to make her l18．  lively and interesting. And we like her classes  very much.

Mrs Liu is very k19． and friendly to us. And we’re getting on well with each  other. She teaches us so well that we enjoy learning English. A20． the students think she is a good teacher.

三

Teachers’ Day is a good chance (机会) for students to say t21． to their teachers. But this day isn’t on the s22． day everywhere.

In China, Teachers’ Day is on Sept 10. In the US, teachers get a whole w23．. The first week of May is Teacher Appreciation (感谢) Week.

US schools hold parties w24． gifts (礼物) and food that week. There are also “Thank you” signs (标牌) everywhere to s25． love to teachers.

US students give small p26． to their teachers to show their thanks. These could be simple (简单的) gifts, l27． a thank-you note. US teachers love these b28． they are heartfelt (真诚的). They also e29． getting arts and crafts (手工品) from children. Small treats like cookies are good too.

But students don’t have to wait until Teachers’ Day. Thank your teachers all the time! They love to hear this f30． their students.

四

If your birthday is coming, what presents will your parents buy for you? It’s not easy for Chinese parents to choose a birthday gift for their children. Many American parents also have the s31． problem. But luckily they have got American Girl — an American company. It is famous for i32． beautiful dolls (玩具娃娃). Though there are many famous dolls in the world, American Girl dolls are becoming one of the most popular birthday g33． for girls.

What m34． American Girl dolls so popular? The secret (秘密) is in her matching hair, skin, eye colour, clothing and so on. That is to say, there are different kinds of dolls for buyers to c35． and the dolls look l36． their owners (主人). The company hopes their dolls can make girls understand that it’s OK to be d37． from others.

The company gives each American Girl doll her own name and special background. They also invite w38． to write books about her. The stories in the books are mainly about different periods of American history. So w39． the girls are playing with their dolls, they can get a lot of fun and they can learn something about h40．, too.

五

Jim and I 41． (be) good friends. We study in the same class. Jim is tall and strong. He 42． (enjoy) playing football because it can make him 43． (feel) happy and relaxed. He usually plays football with his classmates after school. He wants 44． (be) a football superstar. However, his parents aren’t happy because Jim 45． (not have) much time to do his homework. So Jim sometimes feels unhappy. What should he do?

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参考答案

一

短文大意

本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了健康饮食的重要性，并以Daniel的例子进行说明。

答案解析

1．句意：一个健康的日常饮食对于学生来说是重要的。be important for sb“对某人来说是重要的”，且符合语境。故填important。

2．句意：甜食给学生能量，但是对健康有害。因为里面含有太多的糖。根据首字母提示和语境可推测，甜食里面含糖多，much后面要加不可数名词，“sugar糖”符合语境。故填sugar。

3．句意：如果学生们想要保持健康，他们需要吃更多的水果和蔬菜。根据“Students need to eat more fruit and vegetables”结合语境可知，此处指的是”保持健康”，用keep healthy表示；由于want to do sth.“想要做某事”可知，此处应填动词原形。故填keep。

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