13新发明与创造-2023年中考英语热点时文阅读（含答案解析）

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2023年中考英语 热点时文阅读

13新发明与创造

01

In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has ____1_____ its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, mobile payment, bike-sharing and online shopping.

Do you know ____2_____ the new inventions can appear in China? The “four great new inventions” are ____3_____ related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating mode of bike-sharing is based ____4_____ the satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly ____5_____ the quality of people’s lives.

China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of ____6_____ that China has spent encouraging innovation. China is beginning to ____7_____ in innovation in some ways.

“The ‘four great new inventions’ have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的) economy ____8_____ at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) of an American market research company.

As a whole, all the Chinese are ____9_____ of their four new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. More and more foreigners ____10_____ to promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation.

1．A．seemed            B．appeared              C．looked                 D．showed

2．A．when                B．what                     C．why                      D．where

3．A．all                     B．both                       C．neither                D．none

4．A．in                      B．on                           C．to                          D．from

5．A．improved        B．finished                 C．invented              D．wasted

6．A．people              B．water                     C．electricity            D．money

7．A．try                     B．lead                        C．win                        D．value

8．A．develop           B．warn                       C．mean                    D．live

9．A．proud               B．tired                       C．bored                    D．satisfied

10．A．afford             B．repeat                    C．hope                      D．wait

02

Sitting for longer than four hours a day increases a person’s chance of suffering（患）illness.

Benoit Maltaone, a designer （设计者） from France, discovered that office workers spent about 70 percent of the day sitting down. To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life, he came up with a great idea— the two-legged chair, which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.

The chair just has two legs and needs the user to balance （平衡） it. Although it looks dangerous, it can stop people from felling while using it. But the chair is a little uncomfortable, as the user has to keep it balanced. It is also good for other parts of the body, just like an exercise ball（姿势）.

_________ Most people don’t get much exercise during the day. People watch a lot of TV and work on computers. Many people suffer from spine （脊椎） problems. Companies are coming up with new products in our houses to make our lives easier. But trying to offer people an easier life causes lots of health problems.

According to Benoit, the design is not about making money in the furniture （家具） market. It is to provide a product which tries to encourage people to move their whole body. The practice of this special chair can make people change their bad habits. It will encourage people to try to be more active.

11．What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

A．The two-legged chair.                               B．Moving at his or her desk.

C．Sitting for too long.                                   D．The great idea.

12．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ________” in Paragraph 4.

A．Sitting long is so common now. 

B．Doing sports is so popular now.

C．Working environment is so hard now.

D．Keeping healthy is so cool now.

13．What’s the purpose of this passage?

A．To tell people how to keep away from sitting too long.

B．To tell people how to stay away from health problems.

C．To explain why people suffer from illness now.

D．To show a two-legged chair designed to make people healthier.

03

There are many TV cook shows where you wish you could reach through your screen and taste the delicious recipes yourself.

Now, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality, with the development of a lickable TV screen.

The device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and contains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen, for example, coffee or pizza.

It is an experimental technology, produced by Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan, with its developers expecting a commercial version to cost about £650.

Japanese professor Miyashita and 30 students have developed all kinds of taste types. In his version the 10 taste cans spray a mixture of samples on to a roll of hygienic (卫生的) film that is placed over a flat TV-screen.

“During the COVID-19, this kind of technology can improve the way people connect and communicate with the outside world,” said Miyashita.

“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while at home,” he said.

Miyashita has also been in talks with companies about using his spray technology for applications like a device that can apply a pizza or chocolate taste to a piece of toasted bread.

14．The passage tells us the invention of _________.

A．tasty cans                                                  B．TV cook shows

C．a film technology                                    D．a lickable TV screen

15．Paragraph 3 talks about_________.

A．what the device includes                        B．how the device works

C．what the device is called                         D．why the device is invented

16．The writer uses what Miyashita says to express the _________ of the invention.

A．ways                      B．purpose                  C．conditions               D．importance

17．From the passage, we know that the device is _________.

A．widely used now                                        B．popular with the Japanese

C．still in experiment                                     D．liked by restaurant owners

04

Malaria (疟疾) has been a deadly problem for humans since ancient times. Usually, people get malaria when infected mosquitoes bite them. Countless people have died from it. Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found an effective drug called qinghaosu (青蒿素).

This year marks the 50th anniversary of Tu’s discovery. In 1969, Tu became the director of a national project to develop a drug against malaria. Her team took a unique approach. They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria.

One remedy, which is 1, 600 years old, uses the sweet wormwood (青蒿) plant to treat malaria. Tu found it effective and tried to extract (提取) the qinghaosu from it in order to make drugs. The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.

After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves before testing on human patients. It turned out that qinghaosu was safe. All patients in the tests recovered. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world.

In 2015, when Tu was awarded with the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, she refused to take all of the credit (荣誉). Instead, she praised her colleagues and Chinese traditional medicine. She once proudly said, “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”

18．According to the passage, to find an effective drug called qinghaosu is ________.

A．impossible              B．uneasy                   C．unexpected             D．complicated

19．What do we know about the “qinghaosu”?

A．It is extracted from the sweet wormwood plant at room-temperature.  B．TuYouyou and her team spent three years finding it out.

C．Tu and all her teammates volunteered to test it on themselves.     D．It has saved millions of lives around the world.

20．The underlined word “approach” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A．idea                       B．way                       C．discussion               D．drug

21．We can find that Tu Youyou ________.

A．took all the credit by herself

B．did a lot and never gave up

C．succeeded in curing malaria by accident

D．won the Nobel Prize shortly after the success

22．We can infer that the writer’s writing purpose is to ________.

A．praise traditional solution in China

B．encourage young people to learn medicine

C．show how the qinghaosu treats malaria

D．make Chinese old remedies more popular

05

Liu Jichen, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini-program called “Clear Plate”. ___231____ a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a photo of their ___241____ plates. Once the image is checked by the AI, users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals for children in poor ___251____.

“Technology is a good way to ___261____ the problem of food waste,” Liu thought. He organised a team of twenty members to work on the project. In order to improve the mini-program, the team ___271____ half a year collecting over 100,000 photos in school dining halls and restaurants.  In 2018, the mini-program was put into use. Soon, it became one of ___281____ most popular mini-programs in universities across China.

Meanwhile, Liu and his team, together ___291____ other organizations, started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign in November in the third year of his university. Almost 1.6 million college students were attracted and food waste was ___301____  by 862 tons. “Through the campaign, we hope to encourage ___311____ to take action against food waste,” he said.  

Thanks to his great efforts, Liu stood out _____321____ more than 7,600 people around the world and was rewarded one of the Young Leaders for the SDGs （可持续发展目标） by the UN.

…………

参考答案

1．D    2．C    3．A 

【导语】本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。

1．句意：最近这些年，中国又一次用“新四大发明”展示了改变世界的能力：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。

seemed似乎；appeared出现；looked看；showed展示。根据“China once again has…its ability”可知，向世界展示它的能力，故选D。

2．句意：你知道为什么新发明能出现在中国吗？

when什么时候；what什么；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“ The ‘four great new inventions’are…related to China’s high-tech innovation”可知，本句话解释新四大发明出现的原因，故选C。

3．句意：“新四大发明”都与中国新科技的创新有关。

all全部，表示三者及以上；both全都，表示两者之间；neither两个都不；none全都不。空格处表示都有关，四个大于三，故选A。

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