六年级英语期末复习资料整理
(一)关于四种时态
A、一般现在时:
(1)描述经常发生的事情,通常句子中会有提示词出现,如—often, usually, always. Sometimes, every day(week, year…) on Sundays等词连用等。
(2)陈述客观事实。
结构:主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he, she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.特殊情况:当主语是第三人称单数时,动词也要使用第三人称单数形式。(可以简称为动词的三单形式。)
肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句
I am a cook. I am not a cook Are you a cook? What do you do?
He helps sick people. He doesn’t help sick people. Does he help sick people? What does he do?
动词三单的变化:
1、一般情况,词尾加s:work—works, get—gets, stay—stays, ask—asks
2、以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的,加es:watch—watches, wish—wishes , fix—fixes, do—does, go—goes, pass—passes, wash-washes,
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加es: try—tries, study—studies, cry—cries, fly—flies
2、不规则变化:be—- is are , have—-has
一般现在时的句型转换:
(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.
例:①陈述句:She is a student. 疑问句→ Is she a student? 否定句→ She is not a student.
②陈述句:I can swim. 疑问句→ Can you swim? 否定句→ I can not swim.
(2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.
疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
②陈述句:She has a little brother.
疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?
否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.
B、现在进行时:
1、用法:①现在正在进行或发生的动作
例:I am reading an English book now. 我现在正在读一本英语书。
②当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作
例:They are living in Beijing these days. 他们这些天一直住在北京。
2、与现在进行时连用的时间状语有:
now,these days,Look!,Listen!,It is seven o’clock.等的提示
3、现在进行时的构成:主语+be +动词现在分词
4、现在进行时态的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答:
(1)肯定式:be+v-ing She is singing in the next room.
(2)否定式:be+not+v-ing The students aren’t cleaning the room.
(3)一般问句:be动词提前。
肯定答语Yes,主语+be,否定答语No,主语+be not。
Are you playing the computer game? Yes, I am. /No, I am not.
(4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的:What+be +主语+doing+其他?
What is the old man doing under the tree?
对其他成份进行提问的,疑问词+一般疑问句?
Where is the boy swimming? Who is she waiting for?
5、动词现在分词的构成:
(1)大部分动词是在其原形后直接加-ing,如:do-doing,clean-cleaning,cook-cooking,eat-eating,help-helping,wash-washing,watch-watching
(2)以不发音e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing,如:
make-making,write-writing,take-taking,skate-skating,have-having,ride-riding
(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,则应先双写这个字母,再加-ing,如:sit-sitting, swim-swimming, put-putting, run-running
6、有些动词的现在进行时表示将要发生,常见的有go, come, leave, fly, move, start, arrive, do
例:I am coming. 我马上就来(将会来)
He is leaving Wuhan for Beijing. 他将离开武汉去北京(将离开)
What is Jim doing on vacation? 吉姆度假打算做什么?(将做什么)
C、一般过去时:
表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。
结构:主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。
注意be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn’t后面动词还原。
1、一般过去时的各种句型转换:
(1)一般疑问句及其肯定和否定回答:
e.g.:A:Did you catch any fish? B:Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
(2)由Where, What和Why 引导的特殊疑问句的问答:
A:Where did you go for the holiday? B:I went to a farm.(重在回答地点)
A:What did you do for the holiday? B:I visited the Shanghai Museum.(重在事情。)
A:Why did you call me? B:Because I wanted to give you the fish. (重在陈述原因。)
(3)由How引导的特殊疑问句的问答:
A:How was your holiday? B:It was great fun.
含有行为动词的过去式句型变化:
例如: They went to the park last weekend.
改为否定句:They didn’t go to the park last weekend.
第一步:主语后+didn’t(助动词否定式) 第二步:将动词过去式还原 went—–go
改为一般疑问句:Did they go to the park last weekend.
第一步:Did(助动词)置于句首 第二步:将动词过去式还原 went—–go
第三步:将句号改为问号
对划线部分提问:They went to the park last weekend.
What did they do last weekend? 套用特殊疑问句:What did …do…?
2、there be结构在一般过去时的各种句型转换:
There be结构的组成:There was/were + 名词短语 +方位短语.
(1)肯定句:
e.g.:Long long ago, there was a king. / There were a lot of people in the street.
(2)否定句:在be动词was或were后+not, some要改成any.
e.g.:There were some people in the street.(否定句)
There were not any people in the street.
(3) 一般疑问句及其肯定和否定回答:
e.g.:A:Was there a house on the mountain? B:Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.
(4)有关there be的特殊疑问句的问答:
A1:What was in front of the lion’s house?(针对名词短语提问)
B1:There were some flowers .
A2:How many houses were there on the mountain?(针对数量词提问)
B2:There was one.
3、动词在一般过去时中的变化:
a、be动词在一般过去时中的变化:was/were.
b、规则动词的一般过去时的四种变化:
(1)直接+ed:work-worked,look-looked
(2)以不发音的e结尾+d:live –lived,hope-hoped, use-used
(3)辅音+y结尾的,变y为i,+ed:study- studied, carry-carried, worry-worried
(4)末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再+ed:stop-stopped,shop-shopped, plan-planned
4、规则动词过去式+ed的发音规律:
清碰清读作/t/,浊碰浊读作/d/,元音之后要读/d/,/t//d/之后读/id/。
一般过去时情态动词的句型转换:
(1)could引导的一般过去时的否定句,在could之后加not:could not=couldn’t
Six years ago, I could write.(否定句) Six years ago, I couldn’t write.
(2)could引导的一般过去时的一般问句,将could调至句首:
Mike could read and draw.(一般问句) Could Mike read or draw?
(3)could引导的特殊问句:特殊疑问句+could引导的一般问句:
D、一般将来时:
表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。
一般将来时的时间状语:
1、含next的短语:next week/day/month/term。
2、含tomorrow的短语:the day after tomorrow后天tomorrow morning/evening/afternoon。
3、含in的短语,后跟一段时间,表示“以现在为起点,多长时间后”。比如:in two days在两天后, in a month 一个月以后。
4、含this的短语,表示与现在相比较,将来的某个时候this Wednesday/Sunday/weekend。
5、when引导的时间状语从句。
6、单个短语。soon不久;tonight今晚;some day/ one day将来的某一天;in the future在未来;before long不久后;from now on从现在开始。
句子结构:
1、肯定句:
①be going to do(do指动词原形,be有is, am , are 三种形式,它随人称变化而变化) ②will+ do
2、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
3、一般疑问句:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
4、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有以下几种情况。
※问人,例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York?
※问干什么,例如:My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.
→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
※问什么时候,例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
※问地点,例如:We are going to meet at the school gate. →Where are you going to meet?
同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
一般将来时也可以用“will”表示:
will表示“将;将会;会,要”,表示将来的动作或状态。will作为助动词, 本身无人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形。
will与be going to两者都可表示将来发生的事、将要去做某事,但他们有如下几点区别:
1、will表示将来时间较远一些,be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情。如:
I will write a book one day. 我将来有一天要写一本书。
I am going to draw a picture this evening. 我今天晚上要画一幅画。
2、will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情,be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情。
He will be twenty years old. 我要20岁了。
3、be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而“will”则没有这个意思。例如:
He is going to have a picnic. 他打算去野营。
He will be here in twenty minutes. 他在20分钟内到这里。
4、在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用will。如:
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll go with you. 如果明天下雨,我会和你一起去。
5、表示有迹象表明要发生某事,只能用be going to,不能用will。例如:
Look at the clouds, it’s going to rain heavily. 瞧瞧这些云,要下大雨。
will句子结构:
肯定句:主语 + will +动词原形 …,如:He will find many interesting things.
一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形…? 如:
Will she go to the park this Sunday? 这个星期天她要去公园吗?
Will they have a picnic tomorrow? 明天他们要去野餐吗?
否定句:主语 + won’t(will not的缩写) + 动词原形…,如:I won’t tell him about it. 我不会告诉他这件事的。
(二)关于动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词的用法总结
一、动词
1、加动词原形
情态动词(can, could, shall, should, must, will, would, may) +动词原形.它们的否定形式也是加动词原形。 help+动词原形
have to+动词原形
Let +宾格+动词原形
Let’s +动词原形
shall we + 动词原形(我们做…. 好吗?)
2、加动词不定式(即介词to+动词原形)
want +to++动词原形 how +to++动词原形 It’s time +to+动词原形
need +to++动词原形 would like +to++动词原形 be happy +to++动词原形
Let +宾格+动词原形 use… to+动词原形 forget +to+动词原形
try +to (do) (表示试着做某事) can’t wait +to(do)(表示等不及做某事)
reuse….. to ……再利用…..来做…… start +to do begin +to do 开始做什么事
3、加动词ing
be+动词ing (现在进行时态) ,go + 动词ing (表示去干什么事,通常指去做某项运动) go swimming , go fishing, go shopping.
No+动词ing(在标志类名称中:No+动词ing, No smoking, No littering, No eating or drinking, No parking) finish +动词ing, (完成做什么事)
like+动词ing love+动词ing start+动词ing
begin++动词ing stop+动词ing how about/What about+动词ing
be good at+动词ing do well in+动词ing 介词+动词ing
不是祈使句,放在句子开头的动词要加ing
4、加形容词的动词有:be动词,系动词(keep, look, feel, get, stay, become, make, smell, sound, turn.)
1). We should keep our classroom __________(clean).
2). I didn’t do my homework yesterday and my English teacher ______(get) __________(angrily).
5、V. sb.sth.=V. sth. to sb.
1). show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物/向某人展示某物
show me your new clothes=show your new clothes to me 为我看你的新衣服
2). give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb. 给某人某物/把某物给某人
give him a book = give a book to him 给他一本书/把一本书给他
3). send an email to her = send her an email 给她发封邮件/发封邮件给她
4). write ……to (写…..给谁) She writes an email to me ———– She writes me an email.
write letters to them = write them letters 给他们写信/写信给他们
5). 特别注意:buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物/ 买某物给某人
6、其它动词短语固定搭配
(1) look
look at 看……(= have a look at ) look at the blackboard 看黑板
look for 寻找(强调过程) look for my kite 寻找我的风筝
find 找到 (强调结果) find my kite 找到了我的风筝
look after 照顾 look after their grandparents 照顾他们的爷爷奶奶
…………
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