专题04 阅读理解-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册期中复习专项训练（译林版）

2024-2025学年八年级英语下册期中复习专项训练

专题04 阅读理解

一、阅读理解：说明文

（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·校考）

In the 1790s, a Frenchman invented the world’s first bicycle． It had no pedals, so people had to use feet to ride it． It also had no handlebars, so people couldn’t steer it-they could just go straight ahead．

In 1817, Baron Karl, from Germany, invented a new kind of bike． The bicycle had a seat, two wheels and handlebars． But it had no pedals, either． Again, people would use their feet and push

while the wheels were moving on the ground．

In 1870, the Englishman James Starley made a bicycle with a large front wheel and a small back wheel． The front wheel was as high as the rider’s leg length． Such bicycles were dangerous because if riders were to stop, they could fall back． Also, it was dangerous to go down a hill．

The first bicycle with a chain appeared (出现) in 1874 in the UK． The bicycle was made up of two wheels of the same size and a chain on the back wheel． It was called the safety bicycle． It started to be popular in the late 1880s, and is now the most common type of bicycle．

1．The safety bike first appeared________

A．in the 1790s       B．in the 1810s            C．in the 1880s            D．in the 1870s

2．Which of the following looks like James Starley’s bicycle?

3．The passage is mainly about________．

A．four famous inventors                           B．necessary bicycle parts

C．the history of bicycles                           D．the world’s fastest vehicle

（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·校考）Food is interesting． It’s also interesting that different food has different meanings in different countries．

Onions (洋葱)—In Egypt, many farmers use the onion as a symbol (象征) of truth (事实)． When they have different ideas from each other, they often have an onion in their hands and put it up high to show the truth is in their hands． A town in Switzerland has the Onion Festival． It is on the fourth Monday of November． Food shops and restaurants make all kinds of onion food on that day．

Tomatoes—They are the “Number 1” food． They are a kind of vegetable and a kind of fruit． They are very helpful． They’re important to hamburgers and salad． They may taste bad if there are no tomatoes． In some countries of Europe, young men and women often pick tomatoes for each other when they are in love．

Carrots—We can usually see them in vegetable salad． In Holland, carrots, onions, and potatoes are country food． People in some countries call the carrot “Queen (女王)”．

Potatoes—They have two other names— “apples in the forest” and “the second bread”．

1．Why do people put an onion in their hands in Egypt?

A．Because the onion is a symbol of truth there．       B．Because the onion tastes good for them．

C．Because the onion can bring people good luck．     D．Because people often pick onions for each other．

2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The town．       B．The show．            C．The onion．           D．The Onion Festival．

3．Which of the following is the structure (结构) of the passage?

（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·校考）Friends are very important in our everyday life． Everyone needs friends． We all want to be close to someone． It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and share things with each other．

Of course, no two people are just the same． Friends sometimes don’t get on well． That doesn’t mean that they no longer (不再) like each other． Most of the time they will make it up and become friends again．

Sometimes friends move away． Then we feel very sad． We miss them very much but we can call them or write to them． We can also make new friends． It is encouraging (鼓励) to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them．

There’s more good news for people who have friends． They live longer than people who don’t． Why? Friends can make you feel happy． Being happy helps you stay healthy．

1．All people need friends because ________．

A．we want to live longer                           B．we want to get good news

C．we always like people around us             D．we can share many things with them

2．What do the underlined words “get on well” mean?

A．好好上车          B．和睦相处               C．参与                      D．发出响声

3．People make new friends when their old friends ________．

A．move away        B．don’t need them      C．have new friends     D．are angry with them

4．If we can’t see our friends for a long time, _________．

A．we can become ill                                B．we can go to visit them

C．we can call them or write to them          D．our friendship will break off

5．The writer wants to tell us that ________．

A．friends are like books                           B．friends are necessary in life

C．Friends bring out the best in us             D．a friend in need is a friend indeed． (患难朋友才是真朋友)

（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·校考）

1．Which situation is the most dangerous on hot days?

A．A child studying in a classroom．

B．An old man walking along the road．

C．A woman sleeping in an air-conditioned house．

D．An outside worker enjoying the cool shade under a tree．

2．The underlined word “it” here refers to “________”．

A．the heat            B．the cool                  C．the death                D．the body

3．How can we best keep ourselves away from extreme heat?

A．By doing sports．                               B．By staying outside．

C．By drinking water．                            D．By staying in a car．

4．What’s the temperature inside a car after an hour when it is outside at 27℃?

A．27℃．            B．43℃．                  C．48℃．                   D．51℃．

5．The key point of the passage is ________．

A．to show us how hot it is in summer

B．to tell us when the weather is the hottest

C．to make people know the highest temperature

D．to tell people how to protect themselves when it’s hot

（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·校考）①Walking slowly out of the classroom by himself to the dining room; taking his lunch; sitting and eating alone at a table of four seats, such moments are pretty normal to be seen on the 14-year-old schoolboy, Peter． He spends most of his school time on his own, which makes his parents worry about him so much．

②His parents’ worries are easy to understand． It is widely accepted that being alone is a symbol of being left out and can bring a lot of trouble． Most people believe teenagers who are usually alone do have few friends and are unable to fit in with other people． At the same time, they are at greater risk (风险) of having mental problems．

③However, a new study by some researchers at Wilmington College, shows that this may not always be true． Whether it is bad for teenagers or not depends on the reasons why teenagers are alone． If it is their choice, it may play an active role in their personal growth．

④According to their study, when teenagers choose to think alone, they put 100% of their attention into what is in their mind and are more likely to experience deeper thoughts and feelings than working with others． They may have a greater chance to create something new． In this way they can better develop their creativity (创造力)．

⑤On the other hand, the ongoing noise children’s brains receive every day can put great stress on them and make it hard for them to focus． Being alone lets them shut themselves off from the noisy outside world and think about what’s best for them． Slowly they improve their ability to focus．

⑥As a matter of fact, our culture is always biased (有偏见的) against being alone． Maybe it is the right time for us to rethink about Peter’s situation before we say what’s happening to him．

1．Peter’s parents worry about him so much because ______．

A．he spends most of his time in the dining hall

B．he doesn’t have enough time for his lunch at school

C．he often sits alone to have his lunch in the dining hall

D．he doesn’t enjoy his meal at lunchtime in the dining hall

2．According to the study by the researchers, being alone ______．

A．is often a symbol of loneliness

B．never causes mental problems

C．always improves teenagers’ focus

D．may develop teenagers’creativity

3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

4．What may be the writer’s opinion according to the passage?

A．Peter spends most of his school time alone．

B．Choosing to be alone is a symbol of being left out．

C．Peter usually spends his time alone to improve his focus．

D．More people will have a deeper understanding of being alone in the future．

5．We can probably read this passage from a ______．

A．guidebook                                          B．research report

C．teenager’s diary                                   D．cultural magazine

（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·校考）

Do you like exercising in the sun? How much sunlight do you get every day? How much time do you spend in the sun? As we all know, enough sunlight is good for our health． It gives us strong bones and good eyesight． It makes us happy and sleep better． Now scientists find out that it can even make us smarter．

Scientists do tests on mice． They give mice lots of sunlight． After that, mice produce a special thing in their bodies． Its name is glutamic acid (谷氨酸)． Glutamic acid is good for our body． It can improve some of our abilities, such as learning and remembering things．

It is OK to enjoy some sunlight for about an hour every day． But you should be careful when in summer． The sun is very strong around the noon． Keep yourself away from the sun around the noon, or it may burn your skin． It is best to enjoy sunlight in the morning or before sunset．

What about going out and enjoying the sunlight with your family or your best friends? I’m sure you can be smarter soon．

1．The sunlight can help us in the following EXCEPT ________．

A．being smarter   B．being happy            C．sleeping worse        D．becoming stronger

2．Scientists do tests on mice ________．

A．to find out if sunlight can make them smarter B．to find out why mice are smarter than people

C．because they want to make the mice smarter   D．Because they have a special thing in their bodies

3．What can we do to make ourselves smarter?

A．Spend an hour in the sun every day．    B．Do tests on mice．

C．Enjoy sunlight only around noon．       D．Stay away from the sun．

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参考答案

阅读理解：说明文

一1．D    2．A    3．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自行车的发明历史。

1．细节理解题。根据“The first bicycle with a chain appeared (出现) in 1874 in the UK． The bicycle was made up of  two wheels of the same size and a chain on the back wheel． It was called the safety bicycle．”可知，第一辆安全自行车出现在1874年。故选D。

2． 细节理解题。根据“In 1870, the Englishman James Starley made a bicycle with a large front wheel and a small back wheel． The front wheel was as high as the rider’s leg length．”可知，英国人詹姆斯·斯塔利制造了的自行车前轮较大，后轮较小。选项A的图片与文中描述一致。故选A。

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