江苏省南京市鼓楼区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试卷（含答案解析）

本资料来自专辑：

2023-2024学年第二学期期末试卷

八年级（下）英语

考试时间：100分钟 满分：100分 （将答案按序号填在答题卡上）

选择题（共50分）

一、听力(共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)

略

二单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)

请认真阅读下列各题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1．—Volunteering helps you see that you are needed．

—I agree．It also gives you a sense of ________ in life.

A．pity                       B．pain                       C．practice                  D．purpose

2．—Will you come to my birthday party this Saturday, Helen?

—Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t．_________, thanks for your invitation．

A．Otherwise               B．Anyway                 C．Moreover               D．However

3．Some people say the Internet brings us __________ while others think it brings more loneliness.

A．close                      B．closely                   C．closer                     D．more closely

4．—I’m going to France next month．Could you give me some advice?

—Do as the Romans do．You’ll know how to ________ yourself by following local people.

A．behave                   B．develop                  C．treat                       D．support

5．Mr．Green, sorry to _________ on you, but there are one or two things I don’t understand.

A．cut in                     B．cut off                   C．cut out                   D．cut down

6．Paris 2024 Olympic Games _________ between July 26 and August 11.

A．hold                       B．are held                  C．will hold                D．will be held

7．—Linda, your new hat looks really nice on you．How long _______ it?

—Oh, thanks．I just bought it last week.

A．have you bought     B．have you had          C．did you buy            D．did you have

8．Look at the text message．Julia wants Kira to ________.

A．wait for her at the school dining hall

B．come to the dining hall in 20 minutes

C．hurry to the dining hall to have lunch

D．take her lunch to the dining hall quickly

9．—Meg, I hear you will move house next week．I will come to help．

—Just be there on moving day．_________________.

A．Practice makes perfect                                B．Every dog has its day

C．Actions speak louder than words                  D．The early bird catches the worm

10．—Would you mind showing me how to use the computer to find a book in the library?

—_______________．Just enter key words and click on the “Search” icon.

A．Not at all                B．Never mind            C．Don’t worry           D．No thanks

三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Liam Garner has wanted to go on a crazy adventure (探险) for years．The boy had some______with long-distance biking．He once rode 750 kilometres from Los Angeles to San Francisco．He thought he could easily bike from Prudhoe Bay to Ushuaia．So, as soon as he completed his studies from high school, Garner began______his adventure．

On August 1, 2021, Garner, then 17, began his journey．He didn’t bike together with others, and he made his own route (路线) as he biked ______．Garner would ride through Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Argentina and ten other countries．He was______ surprised by El Salvador．The boy called it as “one of the most peaceful countries in the world”．

______the trip was full of unforgettable highs, Garner also experienced some terrible lows．He was robbed (抢劫) at least five different times．He met hot weather when he was in Mexico．“It was over 40℃ every day,” he says．“I was only able to bike for a few minutes before having to stop and ______.” Yet the boy faced an even more serious difficulty while he was riding through Colombia．He fell off his bike, hit his head and had to spend a month in the______.

Garner first began biking because he didn’t have a car．But now, he believes it is the best way to travel．“Since you go______, you have the chances to smell things and to touch things,” he says．“You’ll develop a special______for the little towns along the way.”

Garner arrived in Ushuaia on 10 January．______the course of 527 days, he biked 32,000 kilometres．The man is now on his way back home．When he gets home, he hopes to write a book about his journey．He hopes his ride will encourage others to start out on their own adventure.

11．A．experience       B．exercise                  C．trouble                   D．background

12．A．waiting for      B．paying for              C．looking for             D．preparing for

13．A．by                  B．away                      C．along                     D．through

14．A．exactly            B．especially               C．recently                  D．finally

15．A．While             B．Because                  C．If                           D．When

16．A．eat                  B．drink                     C．rest                        D．hide

17．A．hotel               B．tent                        C．hospital                  D．town

18．A．slowly             B．fast                        C．near                       D．far

19．A．joy                 B．love                       C．hobby                    D．interest

20．A．From              B．After                     C．Since                     D．Over

四、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题1 分, 满分15分)

请认真阅读下列材料, 从材料后各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

21．Bodie started to become a ghost town in _________.

A．1876                      B．1892                      C．1932                      D．1942

22．Why did the last mine in Bodie close?

A．Because two fires destroyed the town.

B．Because it was turned into a historic park.

C．Because they didn’t find gold or silver there.

D．Because they wanted to protect the environment.

23．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Bodie is a town on the top of Bodie Hills.

B．We can’t find the map of Bodie on the website.

C．There are no buildings left except the miner’s cabin.

D．Visitors can learn about gold-mining history in Bodie.

B

Greg Mortenson is an adventurer who once loved to climb mountains．Born in 1957, he grew up on the slopes of Mt．Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa．After his sister Christa died in 1992, he decided to try climbing Pakistan’s K2, the second-highest mountain in the world, in her memory．Although Mount Qomolangma is higher, K2 is thought to be more difficult and dangerous to climb．When he tried to climb the mountain in 1993, snow, ice, and bad weather made Mortenson turn back．

Mortenson recovered from frostbite and tiredness in a Pakistan village of Korphe．There he saw a group of children writing in the dirt with sticks．He learned that they had no pens or pencils, no books—not even a school or a teacher．Mortenson planned to build them a school．But at that moment he had no idea how he would make it．

It took years to raise the money to build the school．Some American schoolchildren also donated their pocket money to Mortenson’s project．Mortenson even sold his personal things to raise money．The Korphe School was finished in 1996．

Since then, Mortenson has built more than 75 schools in Pakistan and Afghanistan．His schools educate both boys and girls in an area where schooling for girls is very rare．Mortenson’s goal is to use education to bring peace into this often dangerous area．

24．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Mortenson’s sister died when he tried to climb K2.

B．Mortenson broke his leg while he was climbing K2.

C．Mortenson gave up climbing K2 because of bad weather.

D．K2 is as difficult and dangerous to climb as Mount Qomolangma.

25．What words can best tell about Mortenson?

A．Brave and careful.                                     B．Honest and friendly.

C．Hard-working and patient.                          D．Generous and helpful.

26．How did the village of Korphe change Mortenson’s life?

A．It pushed him to become a school teacher.

B．It led him to build schools for local children.

C．It gave him the confidence to climb K2 again.

D．It made him work for girls’ education in that area.

C

In the 1920s, wheat farmers on the Great Plains(大平原) were making a lot of money．This made many other people want to be farmers, too．But no one tried to stop the farmers from plowing almost all the land and cutting down most of the trees．

Still, everything was fine until 1931．This was the beginning of a terrible drought—a long period without rain．The beautiful wheat fields dried up, and the crops died．Then there were no plants to keep the soil in place．All that was left was bare, ugly, dry dirt．

Then the wind started to blow．With no trees to prevent it, the wind gathered up the soil into huge black clouds that travelled for miles．These clouds were called dust storms, and it was impossible for people to get away from them．Dirt is collected in people’s houses．It fell into their food．It got into their noses, mouths, and eyes．People wore masks, but the dust still clogged their lungs, causing many people to get sick．The dust even fell very high in a few places．Everything was buried in the dust, and farm animals died without food．The serious storms punished everyone and everything．The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl．

This was the worst natural disaster ever to hit the United States．But some people believed the farmers deserved what happened to them because they did not care for the soil．They said the disaster could be prevented if the farmers were wiser and more careful．

27．Where may this article come from?

A．A news report.                                           B．A tour guide.

C．An environmental report.                            D．A biology magazine.

28．How was a dust storm formed on the Great Plains?

a．Crops died and there was no plant to keep the soil．

b．A terrible drought happened and fields dried up．

c．Most of the trees on the plains were cut down．

d．Wind blew and gathered up the soil into black clouds．

A．b-c-a-d                   B．b-a-c-d                   C．c-b-a-d                   D．c-a-b-d

29．Which of the following isn’t the result of the dust storm?

A．Many people got sick.                                B．The fields were polluted.

C．Animals died without food.                         D．The Plain became a dust bowl.

30．Which of the following is an opinion about the dust storm?

A．This was the worst natural disaster.

B．The dust still clogged their lungs.

C．Huge black clouds travelled for miles.

D．Dirt collected in people’s houses.

D

My name is Joseph Davranche．My family was a poor one from Havre．My father worked hard, came home late from the office, and made very little money．

We had to save money on everything．My two sisters made their own dresses．And if I lost my buttons or tore a hole in my trousers, my mother would be very angry．

Every Sunday, dressed in our best, we would take our walk along the breakwater．When the big ships were returning from faraway countries, my father would always say the same words, “What a surprise it would be if Jules were on that one! Eh?”

My Uncle Jules was the only hope of my family, after being its only fear．I have heard about him since childhood．It seems that he carelessly spent “a little” money．That action, in a poor family, is one of the greatest crimes．

Well, Uncle Jules spent all of the money that should go to my father, after he had used up all of his own money．Then, he shipped off to America．

Soon after, my uncle wrote that he was making a little money．He hoped he could make up for the harm he had done to my father．This letter stirred up a deep and strong feeling in the family．Jules, someone not worth his salt until then, suddenly became a good man, a kind-hearted fellow, a true and honest Davranche．

Two years later a second letter came, saying, “My dear brother, I am writing to tell you not to worry about my health, which is excellent．Business is good．I may be away for several years in South America．If I shouldn’t write, don’t worry．When I became rich, I shall return to Havre．I hope that it will not be too long and that we shall all live happily together…”

This letter became the gospel of my family．It was read when it was possible, and it was shown to everybody．

For ten years we heard nothing from Uncle Jules, but as time went on, my father’s hope grew, and my mother, also, often said, “Once that good Jules returns, our life will be different．There is one who knew how to get along!”

(To be continued)

31．How does the writer show that “We had to save money on everything”?

A．By telling stories.                                      B．By giving examples.

C．By introducing the main idea.                     D．By making a list of reasons.

32．The writer’s family expected Uncle Jules to come back home because _____________.

A．they were deeply worried about Uncle Jules

B．they always got along well with Uncle Jules

C．they hoped Uncle Jules could live with them

D．they hoped Uncle Jules came back with money

33．Why did the family show the letter to everybody?

A．To tell others Jules missed the family.

B．To tell others Jules was in South America.

C．To tell others Jules was a kind-hearted man.

D．To tell others their life would become better.

34．What does “someone not worth his salt” mean?

A．Someone who is lazy.                                 B．Someone who is poor.

C．Someone who is homeless.                          D．Someone who is useless.

35．What can we know about Uncle Jules according to the passage?

A．Uncle Jules left for America to do business.

B．Uncle Jules used to be the fear of the family.

C．Uncle Jules sent the family quite a lot of money.

D．Uncle Jules had been away from home for 10 years.

非选择题(共50分)

五、语言基础知识(共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)

A) 请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词, 使句子意思完整正确, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为51—55的相应横线上。

36．Dad, why not put the piano______ (紧靠) the wall in the living room?

37．It’s important for us to take action to______ (避免) the risk of fire.

38．My father often tells me that life is not______ (有意义的) without study and work.

39．It’s necessary to prevent the______ (扩散) of personal information on the Internet.

40．My secret of success is to work hard and plan my time______ (智慧地).

B) 请根据句子意思, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为56—60的相应横线上。

41．When people are queuing for a meal, it’s______ (polite) to try to push in.

42．Lisa loved dancing as a child and received______ (train) at the age of six.

43．There’s a big______ (different) between knowing something is true and telling why it is true.

44．I must leave because my parents won’t allow me______ (stay) out late at night.

45．Everyone has to obey the school rules, or you will______ (punish).

C) 请根据要求完成下列各题, 每空一词, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为61—65的相应横线上。

46．We can save water by taking shorter showers．(对划线部分提问)

______ ______we save water?

47．Annie doesn’t have money to go on vacation this summer．(改为同义句)

Annie can’t ______ ______ go on vacation this summer.

48．Jason isn’t brave enough to join the discussion．(改为同义句)

Jason is ______ shy ______join the discussion.

49．Sue greets me with a smile．She is friendly．(合并为一句)

It’s friendly ______Sue ______ greet me with a smile.

50．The film Be My Friend started ten minutes ago．(改为同义句)

The film Be My Friend has ______ ______for ten minutes.

请根据短文内容，从下面方框中所给的六个选项里选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，并将句子序号填写在答题卡标号为1—5的相应横线上。

OpenAI has once again surprised the world with its latest AI tool, Sora．     51      Just give it some text instructions, like “a Chinese New Year celebration”, and you’ll get a video that matches the description．Many people worry that the tool will put many filmmakers out of business．

     52      Many people are afraid that industries (产业) such as translation, teaching and design will all disappear (消失)．It seems we can use AI to do anything．

Does that mean we no longer need to work hard to learn knowledge and skills ourselves? Well, the answer is “No!” Even in the age of AI, knowledge is still power．     53      AI knows a lot, but for now at least, it needs instructions．In other words, you must communicate with it．

You also need to exercise your imagination (想象力) more actively．Take the Chinese New Year celebration video in Paragraph 1 for example．     54      You need to describe your instructions with more details, such as time, places and persons．

      55       After an AI tool gives you an answer, you need to decide if all the information is correct by yourself．To do this, you need at least some basic knowledge about the subjects．

If you think AI gives you a chance of being lazy, it’s time to stop daydreaming．Work harder on your studies, and you’ll be better prepared to work with AI.

A．You can’t depend on Sora for everything.

B．And remember that AI can make mistakes.

C．In fact, AI may need you to learn more.

D．With Sora, we can make better videos in the future.

E．It can make videos up to one minute long.

F．Similar worries have been heard since ChatGPT was used.

…………

参考答案

1．D

【详解】句意：——志愿活动帮助你意识到别人需要你。——我同意。它也会给你生活的目标感。

考查名词辨析。pity遗憾；pain痛苦；practice练习；purpose目的。根据“It also gives you a sense of…in life.”可知，志愿活动给你生活的目标感。故选D。

2．B

【详解】句意：——Helen，这个星期六你来参加我的生日聚会吗？——对不起，恐怕我不能。不管怎样，谢谢你的邀请。

考查副词辨析。Otherwise否则；Anyway不管怎样；Moreover而且；However然而。根据“thanks for your invitation.”可知，虽然自己不能参加对方的生日聚会，但是不管怎样，还是要感谢对方的邀请，故选B。

…………