专题11 未来城市与管理-2024年中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练

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2024年中考英语热点时文阅读

专题11未来城市与管理

姓名：_________ 班级：_________ 学号：_________

阅读理解A篇:未来城市：会是你想要的样子吗？

B篇：未来学校：科技让校园生活更轻松。

C篇：未来家居：在未来，住宅也是智能管家

D篇：未来交通：智慧交通让城市出行更便捷

E篇：未来办公：智能升降、无纸化办公．．．．．．科技让办公更智能

F篇：未来城市管理：当城市拥有了一个“大脑”……

G篇：未来医疗：智能科技让专家远程也能看病和做手术。

H篇：未来工厂：酷炫科技助力工厂“智造升级”

A 阅读理解

With the development of technology, our city life is becoming more and more “smart”．  What is life like in a smart city? What kind of smart city do you dream of living in? let’s take a look!

In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities, humans have always had to solve problems about how they live and work． These problems include water, health, transportation, crime (犯罪活动) and nature protection． Today, using cutting-edge (尖端的) technologies, smart cities cover them all． We are now in a time of being “smart”．

According to the European Commission, a smart city uses digital methods to provide more efficient (高效的) networks and services for people and businesses． It means smarter urban (城市的) transportation, better water and waste systems, and better ways to light and heat buildings． It also means a more interactive (互动的) city administration (管理) and safer public spaces．

The idea of smart cities dates back to the 1960s and 1970s． Back then, the US Community Analysis Bureau began using digital methods to collect data and do analysis (分析)． This way, cities could provide better services．

Automation (自动化) and the internet of things (IoT) are must-haves for smart cities． According to TWI, a global technology organization, a smart city works in four steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action． In this process, a set of smart sensors (传感器) will collect real-time data in the city． After analysis, the results will be communicated to the decision-makers． They will then take action to improve city life for the people．

Smart city technologies have already been used in many places． Singapore, for example, introduced a digital health system． Patients can talk to their doctors through video calls． The city also produced useful IoT tools to monitor (监测) patients in real time．

1． According to the European Commission, what is a smart city like?

A． It has fewer networks and services．

B． There is no need for transportation．

C． It’s not allowed to waste any water．

D． It is more interactive in its administration．

2． When did the idea of smart cities first appear?

A． 6,000 years ago．  B． Around 1970．    C． In the 1980s．      D． In the 1990s．

3． According to TWI, during which step will sensors be used in a smart city?

A． Collection．     B． Analysis．         C． Communication．    D． Action．

4． Which word can take the place of “communicated” in the sentence “After analysis, the results will be communicated to the decision-makers”?

A． changed         B． presented         C． talked          D． exchanged

5． What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A． Advantages of automation and IoT．     B． Problems smart cities face．

C． The use of smart city technologies．      D． The problems doctors and patients face．

B阅读理解

In recent years, many schools in China have had a high-tech makeover． They have turned from using “old-school” multimedia (多媒体的) tools to AI and big data to add value to student learning and life on campus (校园)．

At the Tianjin Eco-City School Affiliated to Beijing Normal University, the Chinese tech company iFlytek’s smart campus system (系统) makes learning a fun experience． In aerospace (航天) classes, students use VR glasses to learn about what’s inside a rocket and how it is launched (发射) in a computer game． Also, in swimming classes, “by wearing smart earphones, children can get real-time instructions (指令) from the coach under the water． This makes training safer,” Li Rui, the school’s vice-principal, told CCTV．

For PE classes, Yuwen School in Wuhu, Anhui, has used self-testing tools with AI visual analysis (视觉分析) technology for activities such as standing long jump, sit-ups and shot put (推铅球)． With facial recognition (面部识别) technology, students can get voice reports and results on how they did right after each exercise．

“Before, when I threw the shot put, the teacher had to use a ruler to measure how far it went． Now, the results just show up on their own． You can also see which parts of your exercise need improvement,” Wu Shengguo from the school told Dajiang Evening News．

Apart from learning, students can also enjoy meals made by smart canteens (食堂)． In June, Yingkou No 1 Middle School in Liaoning introduced a smart canteen with an “online meal selection (选择) and facial recognition meal pickup” system． To meet the different needs of students, the canteen offers over 400 dishes, with six to seven choices for each meal． Parents and students can choose meals in advance from the online platform (平台)． And they use facial recognition technology to pick up their meal． It helps the school plan and prepare meals, cutting down on food and kitchen waste．

1． Which of these are used in the aerospace classes?

A． A model rocket．  B． VR glasses．C． Smartphones． D． Earphones．

2． How do students feel about the swimming classes?

A． It’s like studying in the classroom in real time．

B． They can’t hear the instructions clearly．

C． The training process is much safer．

D． They find it hard to stay underwater for long．

3． How can facial recognition technology help students with their PE classes?

A． Students can learn how to improve their exercise from it．

B． It can check whether the student is using a self-testing tool．

C． It provides more information for better health choices．

D． It’s used to measure the balls’ weight．

4． How does the smart canteen system work? Please select the correct order of actions．

a． Students pick up their meal using facial recognition．

b． The canteen makes six to seven choices for each meal．

c． Students enjoy their meal．

d． Students order their meal online．

A． abcd        B． dabc      C． dbac       D． bdac

5． What is the passage mainly about?

A． The birth of global villages．

B． The improvement of technology in China．

C． New technology used in schools．

D． Student comfort in everyday school life．

C阅读理解

With devices (设备) that can be automatically (自动地) controlled from anywhere, a smart home offers convenience to its owners． These devices can be connected with each other through the internet, allowing the user to control functions, such as security access (安全访问), lighting and temperature．

“Haitangxiaozhen”, an internet user from Xuzhou, Jiangsu, shared his experience of setting up a smart home． He first bought the service of “intelligent networking”, meaning that fiber optic cables (延伸光纤电缆) can be extended (延伸) to every room． It’s the foundation for the use of digital products in homes． He then can use an app to control various smart home devices．

He said that he usually gets off work late, so cooking used to be a big problem． But now, cooked rice waits for him at home because he can turn on the rice cooker with his phone in advance． During summer, he usually turns on the air conditioner (空调) 30 minutes before getting home． He can also check the security camera at the door anytime through his phone in case he forgets whether he has locked the door or not．Œ It’s very convenient for him．

During winter and summer holidays, when his child was alone at home, he used to worry about safety problems． For this reason, he specially installed a smart camera． With it, he can check if his child is OK at any time． His home also has a kitchen safety set, including smoke sensors , gas sensors and water sensors．

And these devices are really smart． They come with self-learning skills so they can learn the homeowner’s schedules and make changes as needed．

All these conveniences are making smart homes more and more popular both in China and around the world．

1． What makes it convenient to use smart devices at home?

A． The internet． B． Security access． C． The user’s location．D． The right temperature．

2． What does the word “foundation” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean in Chinese?

A． 功能      B． 发现      C． 基础      D． 扩展

3． What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A． Why smart homes are common in Xuzhou．

B． How Haitangxiaozhen chooses different devices．

C． How smart home devices are connected with each other．

D． What Haitangxiaozhen can do with smart home devices．

4． Why did user Haitangxiaozhen set up a smart camera at home?

A． To help him lock the door．

B． To keep an eye on his child．

C． To keep his kitchen safe．

D． To make it easier to use his phone．

5． Which question does Paragraph 5 answer?

A． How do smart devices change people’s lives?

B． Why do people call these devices “smart devices”?

C． How do smart devices learn about different schedules?

D． Why should home devices be improved from time to time?  

D阅读理解

The pace of change in smart transportation has been rapid, leading to the development of new applications (应用) for smart cities in China．

In recent years, Chinese technology companies have worked hard to speed up the commercial (商业的) use of robotaxis．  In March, Beijing granted autonomous driving permits to tech giant Baidu and self-driving startup Pony ai to run fully driverless robotaxis on open roads． In June, Baidu carried out its driverless ride-hailing (打车) service in Shenzhen, Guangdong． Its Apollo Go robotaxis have been put into use across an area of 188 square kilometers in Shenzhen from 7 am to 10 pm daily．

Passengers can download apps like Apollo Go or Baidu Map to their smartphones, and tell the app where they are and where they want to go． Then, a car will appear． With sensors (传感器) and cameras placed all over the car, a computer takes full control of the drive． A screen on the back seats shows how the robotaxi’s software looks at the space around the car to see other cars, humans, bikes, and anything else that might get in its way．

“The robotaxi goes at about the same speed, providing a good driving experience,” a user posted on Xiaohongshu． As of the first quarter of 2023, the user satisfaction rating for the Apollo Go app has reached 4．9 out of 5, with the latest data (数据) showing that 97．12 percent of the reviews are five-star ratings．

Meanwhile, drivers in the city can also enjoy the conveniences of smart transportation． In Guiyang, Guizhou, at some smart parking lots, drivers only need to park their cars at an induction line (感应线)． A smart system (系统) can put the vehicles into a specific (特定的) area． When drivers want to retrieve their cars, they make a request on the terminal device (终端设备) and the car will come out of the parking lot by itself in about one minute．

All in all, smart transportation uses new technologies to make moving around a city easier and safer．

1． What do we know about Apollo Go robotaxis from Paragraph 2?

A． They are a new technology company．

B． They are a tool for developing new apps．

C． They represent Baidu’s driverless ride-hailing service．

D． They own a test area of 188 square kilometers in Beijing．

2． To use the robotaxis, what should we do?

A． Download the Apollo Go app or Baidu Map app．

B． Place a special sensor or camera on the car．

C． Set up a screen on the back seat of the car．

D． Buy a robotaxi software license from the Apollo Go app．

3． What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A． Why Baidu is cooperating with Apollo Go．

B． Why smartphones are important for using Apollo Go．

C． How Apollo Go changed car making．

D． How the Apollo Go system works．

4． What do we know from Paragraph 4?

A． The robotaxi needs to drive faster．

B． Most robotaxi passengers are pleased with its service．

C． Users of the Apollo Go app ask for more data about it．

D． About 97 percent of people in Shenzhen are using the Apollo Go app．

5． Why did the writer write about smart parking lots?

A． To show the changes that Apollo Go has brought．

B． To prove that drivers need special skills to park their cars．

C． To explain why drivers need to park their cars properly．

D． To show that drivers can also enjoy smart transportation．

E阅读理解

Imagine you walk into your office, with the temperature just right．You sit down and begin what will be a very productive (富有成效的) day． This is the kind of smart office that engineers are trying to make． It uses technology to help workers perform at their best while at work．

Sitting in front of a desk for too long can be bad for your health． For example, it can cause back and waist (腰) pain． Sanon, a company (公司) in Zhejiang, built UP7 to help address this． As a smart lifting desk, UP7 can tell how long a user has been sitting in the chair． When it reaches the time set by the user, it will “tell” the user to stand up and walk around． It does this by either vibrating (振动) the table or sending messages to the user’s phone．

The company also designed a type of smart chair to match with the table． “The chair is so comfortable． It can adjust (调整) the arms and height according to your body shape,” a user in Zhejiang posted on Xiaohongshu．

In smart offices, you probably won’t use paper notebooks． Instead, you can try electronic (电子的) paper books to put every work document (文件) online． N10, created by Hanvon Technology in Beijing, is a new “notebook” like this． It uses a screen that doesn’t produce much light． Users write with an electronic pen, and they can pick from options (选项) like a pen, a pencil, an ink brush and many more．

“It truly feels like reading and writing on real paper, completely meeting my office needs,” a user surnamed (姓) Lin said to People’s Daily． “Notes recorded can be easily organized, searched and stored． You usually need several paper notebooks to do what the electronic notebook does．”

1． What can the smart office do?

A． Check a person’s body temperature．B． Make the work day longer．

C． Offer more jobs to engineers．D． Help workers work at their best．

2． How does UP7 protect users’ bodies?

A． By lifting the desk to stop users from working．

B． By making calls to users．

C． By vibrating the chair to relax users’ bodies．

D． By stopping users from sitting for too long．

3． Why is N10 better than a paper notebook?

A． Because N10 can read and write on its own．

B． Because people don’t need a pen to use it．

C． Because N10 has a big screen．

D． Because N10 can easily organize, search and store notes．

4． How can we describe the smart office?

A． Smart and small．B． Comfortable and user-friendly．

C． Healthy but tasteless．D． Fashionable but impractical．

F阅读理解

What if a city had a “smart brain”? What if a city could think and learn in a smart way? There might be something like that in Beijing!

Beijing’s Haidian district (海淀区) has been working on the Urban Brain since 2018． Recently, they added a big data model called Jiuzhou to make the Urban Brain even better． This Urban Brain uses artificial intelligence (人工智能, AI) to quickly collect data and highlight (突出) what people care about． It can give suggestions for fixing problems within minutes, making city management (管理) smarter．

To explain how the Urban Brain works, the official (工作人员) asked it to name the top three streets with the best noise pollution solutions． The big model quickly found the streets that did well in fixing noise pollution in early August 2023． It also suggested ways to deal with the problem．

The district wants to build 572 smart and safe communities using technologies like smart access (准入) control and facial recognition． These technologies help keep people safe by quickly knowing what problems might happen and improving how the police deal with situations．

The district also uses the system to watch out for cars that make black smoke． This system has machines on important roads to catch black smoke, an online system that checks in real time, and sensors (感应器) that study the bad things in the air． This can make sure that the important roads are always watched carefully． It works together with the police and transportation (交通) teams to stop cars that make black smoke and keep the air clean．

Smart governance (管理) wants to make the city work better and improve people’s lives by using smart technology and analyzing data (分析数据)．

1． What is Jiuzhou used for?

A． Dealing with people’s suggestions．B． Managing officials．

C． Serving as a data model for the whole city．D． Advising on city management．

2． How does the Urban Brain work?

A． It finds and learns from examples．

B． It sends officials to solve problems．

C． It finds noise and sends reports．

D． It builds a model to collect data．

3． What do we know about the plan for Haidian district?

A． 572 kinds of technologies will be used to help．

B． Fewer people will have the right to get into the district．

C． More police officers will work in the district．

D． It will improve people’s safety through AI services．

4． What kind of cars does the system in Haidian stop?

A． Cars that the police don’t know．

B． Cars driving on important roads every day．

C． Cars polluting the air．

D． Cars making black smoke．

5． What can we learn from the passage?

A． Everyone will live in a smart community in the near future．

B． AI can help people in cities live a better life．

C． AI can now give better solutions than humans do．

D． Haidian is the best example of urban AI in use．

G阅读理解

Smart medical care has made big progress in China in the past years．

At the 2023 World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit (世界互联网大会乌镇峰会), Xia Bangbo, a doctor from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, showed a 5G+AR remote medical services (远程应急救援) system．

With this system, doctors at the grassroots (基层的) level wear special glasses to connect them with higher-level medical experts． In this way, they can quickly talk to the experts and get help from them．

“In medical work, especially in emergencies, what doctors need most is rapid decision making,which grassroots levels may not have in terms of response (反应) speed,” said Hong Yucai, director of the emergency department at the hospital． He said that this 5G+AR system has a communication system based on 5G and AR technology for audio (音频的) and video communications． That means it can rapidly connect grassroots and higher-level doctors．

This system also uses artificial intelligence (AI) technology． Even if a ferry carrying it on the sea loses network connection and no doctors are present, the AI doctor in the system will also give help to those around．

Since its trial (试验) at the beginning of 2022, this system has covered more than 40 county-level hospitals and community health service centers in seven counties (县) in Zhejiang．

With 5G technology, China has also made more amazing remote surgeries (手术)． A group of surgeons (外科医生) did a special surgery on the eyes of rabbits in 2023． The rabbits were in Guangzhou, while the doctors were in Haikou． They used a robot connected to 5G to do the surgery from far away． “If everything goes [well], we can do this kind of surgery on people within half a year,” said Professor Lin Haotian, whose team led this trial．

With new technologies like 5G, AI, and big data, smart technology in healthcare will certainly be changing the game in more ways．

1． What do we know about the 5G+AR remote medical services system?

A． It can help grassroots doctors make quick decisions．

B． It can help high-level doctors ask for help from others．

C． It can help doctors do surgeries remotely on their own．

D． It can help grassroots doctors increase their response speed．

2． What will happen if the system loses network signal?

A． It will stop working．B． The AI doctor will offer help．

C． The doctors around will help．D． The 5G network will use a backup．

3． What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?

A． How grassroots doctors use the system．

B． What is happening with the system trials．

C． The coverage of the system．

D． Examples of people using the system．

4． The surgery on the rabbits shows _____．

A． the high success rate of surgeries using the system

B． the possibility of using the system on patients

C． the advantages 5G technology brings

D． AI doctors’ success over human doctors

5． What is the main idea of the story?

A． Smart medical care is developing fast．

B． 5G technology is being used broadly．

C． Robots are able to do surgeries．

D． Smart technology is changing the world．

H阅读理解

When you think about a factory, what do you imagine first? Do you picture lots of workers doing the same thing over and over again without stopping? Well, things are changing!

Nowadays, because of super cool technologies like artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能), the internet of things, cloud computing and big data (大数据), factories are becoming smarter． They need fewer workers than you might think．

Teway Food Group, a company in Chengdu, Sichuan, makes tasty seasonings (调料)． There, robots do most of the work in their clever factory． First, the robots get and mix the ingredients (材料) in line with their recipes (食谱)． After that, the ingredients go into a smart cooking system that carefully watches and controls the temperatures to make sure the seasonings taste really good． During the whole process, you hardly see any workers, and this makes everything cost much less． The vice (副) president of the company, Yu Zhiyong, told The Paper, “Thanks to the smart factory, we have been able to make things 40 percent cheaper．”

Besides helping companies save money, smart factories are also looking out for the safety of workers． Baidu created a smart safety assistant (助理) called Du An’an (度安安) to make sure workers are safer in factories． It gives fast answers to safety questions from workers and also looks at safety problems, helping managers work with dangers and risks quickly． Thanks to Du An’an, a big chemical (化学品) company called Daxie Petrochemical can now deal with accidents 50 percent faster than before．

Faster, better and safer at a lower cost, smart factories are changing our production landscape (生产格局) on all fronts． In line with the “Made in China 2025” plan, China is ready to grow from a major manufacturer (制造国) to a manufacturing powerhouse (强国)． smart devices increase safety and reduce waste

At Ford’s electric vehicle (电动汽车, EV) factory in the UK, smart devices (设备) watch over the welding (焊接) process, which is important for EV motors (发动机) and batteries (电池) that require thousands of welds． If a weld does not meet the standard, it is redone before the part progresses to the next step of production． This not only saves time but also reduces (减少) waste by making sure that every part is usable． In Singapore, they have special cameras and systems that keep an eye on how clean public spaces are． They also use technology to watch over how much energy  is used and control water usage．

1． What does the writer think of smart factories?

A． Lots of workers are needed to use the high-tech equipment．

B． It’s hard to use high-tech equipment in smart factories．

C． Human workers aren’t needed in smart factories．

D． They need fewer workers than before．

2． What benefit do robots bring for Teway Food Group?

A． Robots help improve the taste of seasonings．

B． Robots reduce the need for recipes．

C． Robots increase the cost of production．

D． Robots help reduce costs in the production process．

3． What role does Du An’an play in smart factories?

A． It can move dangerous and risky things away．

B． It assists workers in finding chemicals．

C． It ensures workers’ safety．

D． It can take the place of certain workers．

4． Du An’an helps Daxie Petrochemical deal with accidents _____．

A． 30 percent more cheaplyB． 40 percent more cheaply

C． 50 percent fasterD． 60 percent faster

5． What is the overall influence of smart factories on the production landscape?

A． They increase production costs．

B． They have no influence on production．

C． They offer more traditional manufacturing methods．

D． They make production faster, better and safer．

…………

参考答案

A 阅读理解

【答案】DBABC

【解析】文章介绍了随着科技发展，我们的城市生活变得更智能，探讨了智能城市的生活如何，以及我们梦想中的智能城市是什么样的。包括智能校园、家居、办公室、交通和娱乐等内容，以及智能城市是如何通过数字化方法提供服务、如何运作的。

1．D．根据欧洲委员会的说法，智慧城市使用数字方法为人们和企业提供更加高效的网络和服务，这意味着能提供更智能的城市交通、更好的水和废物系统、更好的建筑物照明和供暖方式，同时也意味着更互动的城市管理和更安全的公共空间。

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