本资料来自专辑：2023年新七年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练汇总
2023年新七年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练
第11讲 不定代词
第一部分 语法
1.不定代词概述
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
2.复合不定代词
复合不定代词是由some-, any-, no-, every-加上-one, -body, -thing 等构成的词。不定代词包括something, somebody, someone，anything, anybody ，anyone, nothing， nobody, no one, everything,everybody, everyone等。它们常用来指代某个不确定的人或物,具有名词性质,在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能作定语。
①含-body和-one的不定代词只用来指人，功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。而含-thing的不定代词只用来指物。
②含some-的不定代词常用于肯定句，也可用于疑问句中,表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。
There is somebody/someone at the door.门口有个人。
Would you like something to drink?你那你想喝点儿什么吗？
③含any-的不定代词常用于否定句或疑问句中。
Did you see anybody/ anyone there?你在那儿看到什么人了吗？
I didn’t eat anything this morning.今天早上我什么也没吃。
④含no-的不定代词有否定含义,no one表示“没有人”，其中nobody相当于not anyone, nothing 相当 not anything.
There is nothing in the bottle瓶子里什么都没有。
No one would like to help the dishonest boy.没人想帮助这个不诚实的男孩。
⑤不定代词充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Is everyone in the classroom now?所有人现在都在教室里吗?
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
⑥形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词的后面。
He didn’t tell me anything special just now.他刚才没有告诉我什么特别的事情。
Can you give me something to drink?你能给我点儿喝的东西吗?
Do you have anything else to say?你还有其他什么要说的吗?
典例
Don’t play games anymore. There’s_______________ for you.
一OK，Mom.
A.nothing useful
B.useful nothing
C.something useful
解析
形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在不定代词之后，故排除B选项。根据第一句句意“别再玩游戏了。”可知，设空处表示“没有什么对你有用的东西”，表示否定意义。故选A项。
答案A
3、部分不定代词用法及区别
（1）some、any的用法
| 用法 | 例句 |
| some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词 | Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？(修饰可数名词) |
| some多用于肯定句；在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any | Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。
Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? |
| any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中；用于肯定句中，表示＂任何＂ | If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题，可以问我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 |
| some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，some表示＂某一＂；any表示＂任何的＂ | Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 |
（2）few，a few，little，a little的用法
| 用法 | 用于可数名词 | 用于不可数名词 |
| 表示肯定概念 | a few虽少，但有几个 | a little虽少，但有一点 |
| 表示否定概念 | few不多，几乎没有 | little不多，没有什么 |
（3）other，the other，others，the others，another的用法
| 用法 | 例句 | |
| other | 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的 | Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? |
| others | 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some… others＂结构 | Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。 |
| the other | 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one… the other…＂结构 | She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。 |
| the others | 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 | In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。 |
| another | 另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ | You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗? |
（4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法
| 用法 | 例句 | ||
| all | ①侧重指三者或三者以上＂都，全部，一切＂，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语；
2all于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。 |
All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。
Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 |
|
| 【知识拓展】all作主语，指代人时，谓语动词使用复数形式，指代事情时，谓语动词一般使用单数；作同位语时，all在句中的位置与both相同。
All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。 |
|||
| both | ①表示＂两者都＂，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语；
②用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither； ③both… and＂两者都，既……又……＂。 |
They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。
Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 |
|
| 【知识拓展】both作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式；作主语的同位语时，位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。 They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。 |
|||
| none | ①意为＂没有人，没有一个，一点儿也没有，作主语和宾语，不作定语；
②none指代可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可，而指代不可数名词时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 |
None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。
None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 |
|
| 【易错警示】none与no one的区别：none既可指人，又可指物，而no one意为＂没有人＂，只能用于指人。作主语时，谓语用单数；none可以与of搭配，而no one无此用法；none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句，而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。
—How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生？ —None. 没有一个人。 —Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢？ —No one. 没人。 |
|||
| either | ①表示＂两者中任何一个＂，可作主语、宾语和定语；
②either作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 |
You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。
The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 |
|
| 【知识拓展】
（1）either可用于搭配＂either… or…＂，意为＂或者……或者……；要么……要么……＂。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 （2）either可作为副词，意为＂也＂，用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去，我也不去。 |
|||
| neither | ①意为＂两者都不＂，可作主语、宾语和定语；
②neither… nor…＂既不……也不……＂。 |
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 |
|
| 【易错警示】neither作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 | |||
第二部分 不定代词专项训练（含解析）
一、单项选择
1．Let’s cross the bridge and go to ________ side of the river to watch the birds there.
A．the other B．another C．other D．one
2．— Can I have ________ cola, Mum?
— Sorry, there isn’t ________ in the fridge.
A．any; any B．some; some C．any; some D．some; any
3．The girl says________ about this thing. She is a person of________ words.
A．little; little B．little; few C．few; few D．few; little
4．There is ________ milk in the fridge. Please go and buy some, OK?.
A．few B．a few C．a little D．little
5．—I want to eat lemons. Can you buy ________ for me, mom?
—OK. I will buy ________ this afternoon.
A．any; any B．some; some C．any; some D．some; any
6．There is __________ bread at home. Would you please get __________ for us?
A．little；some B．few；some C．little；any D．few；any
7．— If you prefer(更喜欢) the red evening dress, you’ll have to pay ___________ 30 dollars, because it’s made of silk.
— OK. Here you are.
A．other B．the other C．another D．more
8．What ________ words can you see on the blackboard?
A．else B．others C．the other D．other
9．The garden is very popular because it’s beautiful and clean there. You can see________rubbish in it.
A．a little B．little C．few D．a few
10．—Would you like fruit after dinner?
—Thanks, but I seldom eat fruit when I am full.
A．any; some B．some; any
C．some; some D．any; any
11．—Which of the shirts do you like best ?
—I will take __________. They are both fashionable and cheap.
A．neither B．none C．both D．all
12．—May I have ________ more chocolate? —Sorry, but there isn’t ________ here.
A．any; some B．any; any C．some; any D．some; some
13．Both my cats are cute. One is a yellow cat and_______ is white.
A．the other B．any other C．other D．another
14．________ students are becoming the “Heads-down Tribe” (低头族). It’s ________ bad.
A．Too many; much too B．Too much; much too
C．Much too; too much D．Too many; too much
15．—Is ________ interesting book on the table yours? I want to buy ________.
—Yes. I order it online.
A．the; it B．the; one C．an; it D．an; one
16．Dick has friends and he plays with them after school.
A．lots of,never B．a little,sometimes C．few,usually D．a few,often
17．We want to buy grapes, but they don’t have in the shop.
A．some; some B．any;some C．any;any D．some;any
18．How much are cards? I’d like to have .
A．the;it B．the;one C．/;one D．/;it
19．—We don’t have_____ apples. Would you like to go and buy___ with me?
—OK, let’s go.
A．any; some B．some; any C．some; some D．any; any
20．— Would you like ________ cola? — No, thanks. I don’t need ________ drinks now.
A．some; some B．any; some C．any; any D．some; any
21．He has three uncles, They are __________.
A．all man doctor B．all men doctors C．both man doctors D．both men doctors
22．— Would you like some more cakes? — Yes, please. Just
A．a few B．few C．a little D．little
23．—Mum, I’m very hungry. Can I have ________ bread?
—Sorry. There isn’t ________ bread. Do you like cakes?
A．some; some B．any; some C．some; any D．any; any
24．—Would you like _______ more cakes, David?
—No, thanks. I’m full.
A．much B．many C．some D．any
25．—Why are so_____ people in the supermarket near our school?
—Because they want to buy_____ cheap bread there.
A．many; much B．many; many C．much; much D．much, many
26．—Can I have _____ lemons now? I’m really so thirsty.
—I’m afraid you can’t have _____ lemons now.They’re all for your cousin Judy.
A．some; any B．any; any C．some; some D．any; some
27．—Are there any eggs in the fridge? —Yes, but only ________.
A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
28．_____ there ______ boys on the playground?
A．Is, some B．Are, some C．Are, any D．Is, any
29．—I like the coat but not the color.Have you got one?
—Yes， I’ll show you.
A．other B．others C．the other D．another
30．—-Excuse me, I want some books, but I can’t find a bookshop here.
—-I know_________on my way home. Come with me, please.
A．one B．this C．it D．that
…………
参考答案
1．A
【详解】
句意：让我们穿过这座桥到河对岸去看鸟。
考查不定代词辨析。the other表示两者之中的另一个；another表示三个或三个以上的另一个；other表示其它的，后面常跟可数名词复数或不可数名词；one表示一个。根据句意可知河有两边，特指河的另一边。故选A。
2．D
【详解】
句意：——妈妈，我可以喝一些可乐吗？——抱歉，在冰箱里没有可乐了。
考查不定代词some和any的区别。Some一些，用在肯定句中，表征求意见时，可用于疑问句中；any一些，用在否定和疑问句中，根据第一个空是表征求意见，所以用some，排除A和C，由第二个空前面的there isn’t可知，是否定句，用any，排除B，故选D。
…………
不错
很有用
怎么下载
刷新一下，点击下载就可以了，如果还是不清楚，可以直接联系客服QQ：20862811
感谢提供