本资料来自专辑:2022-2023学年译林版八年级下册英语单元知识点汇总
Unit7《International charities》
Comic strip & Welcome to the unit
1.have some pocket money left. 剩一些零花钱。
left为后置定语,修饰pocket money。动词的过去分词常常可以用作后置定语。
a man called/named Tom 一位叫作/名为汤姆的男子
a book written by Lu Xun 一本由鲁迅写的书
2.after that 然后
I went to see my sick friend after that.然后,我去看望了我生病的朋友。
3.further & farther
farther表示具体距离的远近,而further可表示抽象的“远”,是“进一步;更多的”的意思。
His home is farther to our school than mine.他家离我们学校比我家离得远。
Please give us a further explanation.请给我们进一步解释。
4.especially特别,尤其
especially副词,意为“特别,尤其”。
Everyone feels sad sometimes, especially when unhappy things happen.
比较especially与specially
前者表示突出重点,强调其后的成分,specially的意思是“专门的,特别的”
5.equal rights 平等的权利
right名词,意为“(法定)权利”。
have right to do sth.做某事的权利
Every child has the right to receive education.每个孩子都有结构教育的权利
right的其他用法:
① 形容词,“正确的,恰当的;右边的”
② 名词,“右边;正义”
6.spread 传播,扩散
spread作为名词,意为“扩散;分布;展开”
the spread of some serious diseases 一些严重疾病的传播
spread还可以作为动词,意为“(使)散开;扩散,spread-spread-spread.
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Reading
1.interview
(1) interview名词,意为“采访”,短语have an interview with sb.
(2) interview及物动词,
interview sb.采访某人
interviewer采访者,
interviewee 被采访者;面试者
2.tell sb.(about) sth. 告诉某人(关于)某事
(1)表示讲述。
tell a story/joke讲故事/笑话
(2)表示吩咐、命令。
Tell him to wait for me in the office.让他在办公室等我。
She told them not to smoke in the room.她叫他们不要在屋子里吸烟。
(3)表示告诉。
tell sb.(about) sth.告诉某人某事。
The headteacher will tell us about the result of the sports meeting.校长将会告诉我们运动会的结果。
3.blindness
blindness是名词,意为“失明”,形容词为blind,-ness为其名词后缀,类似用法的词有:deafness,illness,happiness,kindness,sadness等。
4.mostly与most
(1) mostly的用法:
mostly只能作副词,意为“主要地;多半地;大部分地”。
The audience consisted mostly of women.观众主要是妇女。
Our weather is mostly warm. 我们这里的天气多半是暖和的。
(2) most的用法:
①most作形容词,意为“最多的;多数的;大部分的”。
Most fish have fins.大多数鱼有鳍。
②most还可以作代词,意为“许多;许多人(或物)”。
Most of my friends live in London.我的大多数朋友住在伦敦。
5.prevent
(1)意为“防止;预防”,
prevent sth.预防某事。
These rules are intended to prevent accidents.这些规则旨在防止事故发生。
(2)意为“阻止;阻挡”,
prevent sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。
prevent sb.from doing sth.=stop/keep sb.from doing sth.
6.Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospitals,
so we have to go to them.
afford 意思是 “买得起; (有时间)做”
通常与can, could, be able to连用,多用于否定句和疑问句。
7.on board 在飞机(船、火车)上
注意board 与broad的拼写。
board意为“木板,板子”,broad意为“宽阔的”,
Eagles have broad wings.老鹰有宽阔的翅膀。
Have the passengers gone on board yet? 乘客们登机了吗?
abroad 副词,意为“在国外”,
go abroad 去国外
8.medical
medical 形容词,意为“医学的”
如:medical treatment
medicine名词,“药;医学”
modern medicine 现代医学
take some medicine吃药
9.The plane is also used as a training centre. 飞机也被用作培训中心。
be used as意为“被用作为……”。
English is used as a foreign language in China. 在中国,英语被作为一门外语使用。
a training centre 意为“一个培训中心”,在这个短语中training作定语。
现在分词作定语的短语有:
a shopping list购物单
reading week阅读周
driving lessons驾驶课
10.By training them, we hope to help more people.
句中的by是介词,意思是“通过某种方法、手段”,后接名词或者动词-ing形式。
You can learn more about the news by reading today’s newspaper.
看看今天的报纸,你就能对这条信息有更多的了解。
11.During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.在我上一次拜访期间,150位病人动了手术。
do/perform operations //an operation (on sb.) =operate on sb.给…做手术
have an operation 接受手术,开刀
12.I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives.
proud adj.自豪的, 骄傲的
be proud of sb /sth. 对….感到自豪
be proud to do sth.
be proud that +句子
They were proud of their success.他们为自己的成功而骄傲。
pride名词,“骄傲”,短语:the pride of …
I’m the pride of my parents.我的父母以我为豪。
13.Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured.
develop动词,意为“发展;加强”,其名词形式为development。
Modern music was first developed in Italy.现代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。
with the development of the society. 随着社会的发展
developing与developed
(1) developing意为“正在发展中的”。
India is a developing country. 印度是一个发展中国家。
(2) developed意为“发达的”。
The USA is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。
treat vt. 治疗;处理
Doctors treated her with an operation.医生对她进行手术治疗。
treat(治疗), cure(治愈)
1)
treat治疗过程,后面接人、 疾病或病痛处
treat sth.& treat sb.for sth.
treat —(名)
treatment ;
medical treatment
2)cure“治好,治愈”,
cure sb.&cure sb.of sth. 表示“治好某人某种疾病或不良习惯。
14.But more money is needed to carry on with our work.但需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。
carry on with 意为“继续进行,继续下去”,相当于carry on doing sth.
carry on to do sth.与carry on doing sth.
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Grammar
被动语态
一、基本概念
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
例如:many people speak English.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
例如:
English is spoken by many people.
主语English是动词speak的承受者。
例如:
He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、基本分类
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
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