2022-2023学年译林版八年级下册英语第一单元Unit1《Past and present》知识点详解

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八年级下册英语Unit1《Past and present》单元知识点详解

一、同步知识梳理

知识点1：past and present(P6)

（1）past

n．过去，以前；in the past 在过去

adj．过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里

prep．经过  walk past the post office走过邮局

【例句】

In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing．  

Let’s not make the past mistakes．

When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.

（2）present

adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的

n.现在; 礼物;  at present 现在 ； a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物

vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;

【例句】Everyone can be presented a present at present.

知识点2：You’ve changed, Eddie．You used to share food with me.(P6) 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。

（1）change: vt./vi．改变，变更;     change into变成       

________n.变化，改变;         change(s) to …的变化

【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.

（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;

    vt.用，使用; 行使，

【常用短语】①used to (do sth.)  “过去常常(做某事)”

批注： 否定形式：didn’t use to / usedn’t to

        ②get/be used to(doing sth．)“习惯于(做某事)

【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday．But since he changed his job, he’s barely(几乎不) had a chance．He thinks he’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.

【拓展】useful adj．有用的；useless  adj．无用的

知识点3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)

【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China.

批注：注意in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：

Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.

知识点4：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。

（1）marry: vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚   marry A to B 把A嫁给B

      adj．married 已婚的;  短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B

      n  marriage 婚姻________

【例句】Some young couples got married on that day.

（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动

【常用短语】move away 搬走    move into 搬进  move out of 搬出…

【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.

知识点5： Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8)

turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入  turn..．into把…变成

【例句】I saw him turn into the library.

        How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?

【常用短语】turn on开       turn off  关     turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等)    

turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等)      

  turn over把……翻过来  turn back 往回走  turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转

知识点6：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。

once: adv.曾经 =used to 

【例句】There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.

     n.一次，一回; = one time

【例句】I am used to doing exercise once a week.

知识点7：They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。

短语：put sth into 把……放进，使进入

【例句】Please put the food into the fridge.

【常用短语】put away  拿走，储存…备用  put back放回；向后移

put down写下；记下         put on 穿上

put off 延期；推迟           put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭   put up 举起；抬起；张贴

知识点8：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。

（1）realize  v．意识到；实现=come true

【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.

（2）improve  v 提高；改善；改进

    n．improvement 提高，改进；

【常用短语】improve living standard提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英语；

【例句】Do you know how to improve your memory?

知识点9: Now the river is much cleaner．(P9)现在河流干净了很多。

此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot;

【例句】–How do you feel today? —Even worse.

知识点10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。

短语in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上

【例句】In some ways, I do agree with you.

【拓展】1．in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法；  in this way用这种方法；

3．by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”；

4．all the way表示“全程；一直”；

5．in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上

6．in the way 挡道   in the way of sb挡在某人路上

知识点11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。

（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.

常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth．对某人来说做某事是怎样的。

【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night．

（2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常    as ..．as 像一样。

知识点12:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time．(P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。

（1）lonely:  adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的

【常用短语】feel lonely

【词汇拓展】alone  adv．单独,独自=by oneself=on one’s own

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