12走近中国历史人物-2023年中考英语热点时文阅读（含答案解析）

本资料来自专辑：2023年中考英语热点时文阅读合集

2023年中考英语 热点时文阅读

12走近中国历史人物

01

根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置（每个词只能用一次）。

fill, through, possible, turned, much, drum, hear, three, these, others

This is a story about two wise men — Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. The Chinese people have been telling the story for many years.One day, Zhou Yu gave Zhuge Liang an ____1____ task. He asked him to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said at once. “I’ll bring you 100,000 arrows in ____2____ days.”

Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers (士兵) to ____3____ 20 large boats with many straw (稻草) men. On the early morning of the third day, he also asked the soldiers to sail (航行) the boats to the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the ____4____ side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.

When Cao Cao’s soldiers ____5____ the sounds, they thought they were under attack (攻击). However, they could not see enemies ____6____ the thick fog (雾) on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the ____7____ and the shouting. Zhuge Liang’s boats were soon full of arrows.

Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then ____8____ the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all ____9____ arrows to Zhou Yu. He finished the task successfully. There were ____10____ than 100,000 of them. It is the story of Borrow Arrows with Straw Boats.

02

Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? You may think of Confucius (孔子), September 28 was his birthday. Although he lived over 2,000 years ___11___, people today still remember and respect him.

Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a ___12___ childhood. His father died when he was only 3, so he had to ___13___ to help his mother, but young Confucius never ____14____ studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.

Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in China. At that time only children from ___15___ families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone ___16___ go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.

Today, people still ____17____ Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy (值得) to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some ___18___. I choose their good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that ___19___ is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”

Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about ____20____ and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.

11．A．before             B．ago                        C．after                       D．later

12．A．hard                B．happy                   C．simple                   D．pleasant

13．A．study              B．write                      C．sing                       D．work

14．A．gave in           B．gave away             C．gave up                 D．gave out

15．A．rich                B．poor                        C．big                         D．small

16．A．could              B．might                     C．must                     D．should

17．A．realize            B．influence                C．study                    D．listen

18．A．subjects          B．periods                 C．areas                      D．places

19．A．thinking         B．reading                  C．teaching               D．learning

20．A．happiness      B．kindness               C．strictness             D．safeness

03

Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a typical ____21____ of the ideal（理想的）Chinese friendship. Here is the story.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played the musical instrument guqin very well. Unluckily, few people could ____22____ his music.

One day, Boya went traveling by boat. On his way, he met with a big ____23____ and stopped the boat by the riverside. When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery（景色）, he was very ____24____. So he took out his guqin and began to play. As he was throwing himself into playing music, he suddenly noticed that ____25____ was listening to him by the riverside. Boya came out the of the boat and saw a person enjoying his music. That person was Zhong Ziqi. Boya ____26____ him to his boat and played for him. He played one tune（曲子）that described the high mountain and another that described the running water. Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya for his musical ____27____. Boya was very excited, and said, “Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!”

They ____28____ that they would meet again in the same place the next year. The following year, Boya arrived on time, ____29____ he didn’t see Zhong. Later, he learned that Zhong had died of an illness. Boya was so sad that he broke his guqin and decided ____30____ to play it again.

Later, the term “zhiyin” began to be used to describe a very close friend.

21．A．rule                  B．part                       C．example                D．character

22．A．forget             B．believe                  C．realize                    D．understand

23．A．rain                B．boat                       C．instrument            D．fish

24．A．bored             B．excited                  C．proud                     D．sad

25．A．somebody     B．everybody             C．anybody                 D．nobody

26．A．sent                B．invited                  C．refused                   D．threw

27．A．rule                B．talent                     C．journey                  D．score

28．A．agreed          B．doubted                 C．minded                  D．wondered

29．A．if                    B．so                           C．but                          D．because

30．A．only               B．just                        C．once                       D．never

04

With the temperature rising, spring is a good time to go out and travel far away. Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei bid farewell to his friend in this season. The poem A Farewell Song describes his experience.On a spring morning, Wang has to say goodbye to his friend—Yuan Er who would leave for a faraway place called Anxi, in today’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Wang hopes that his friend Yuan will safely return from Anxi, although he knows that they might not see each other again. Even with this knowledge, the poet is not willing to show much sorrow or sadness for Yuan’s departure(离开). Instead, he wants to take the time to treasure their friendship and invites Yuan to drink a cup of wine. In the poem, Wang uses the skill of exchanging roles. On the surface, the poet says goodbye to his friend. But the fact is that the two likely have no chance to see each other again. So it is that Yuan says goodbye to the poet as well.

Wang Wei is considered one of the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty, along with Du Fu and Li Bai. Of the three, Wang Wei was the only one who had a successful career in the bureaucracy(官场). When he was free, he spent much time in the countryside thinking about nature. Wang is best known for describing quiet scenes of water and mist, with few details and little human presence. He has been praised for “putting painting into his poetry and poetry into his painting.”

31．Which word can be put in    ▲   ?

A．fog                        B．wind                      C．rain                        D．sun

32．In A Farewell Song, which sentences point out the place and time of farewell?

A．②③                      B．②④                      C．①②                      D．③④

33．What did Wang Wei express by writing this poem?

A．His happiness of enjoying the scene.        B．His greetings to his friend.

C．His sadness of departure.                            D．His wish for his friend.

34．What can we learn about Wang Wei according to the passage?

A．He didn’t feel very sad about Yuan’s departure.

B．He was a great success in both work and poetry.

C．He is best known for describing humans with rich details.

D．He enjoyed writing poems and painting at the same time.

05

Li Shizhen was one of the most famous doctors in Chinese history. He was born in Qichun, Hubei in 1518. Both of Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were doctors. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor who traveled in the countryside with a bag of herbs(药草)and cured(治愈)people. His father was a doctor who wrote several books.

Li Shizhen used to help his father in his medical practice when he was young. Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics(从政). Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the country—level examination, but he was never able to pass the imperial(帝国的)examination. When he was 38, he cured the son of the Prince of Chu and was invited to be an official in that court(宫廷). A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute. Even though he fulfilled his father’s dream, he didn’t want to continue working for the court. One year later, he left the court and returned to be a doctor again.

Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica(《本草纲目》). He spent 27 years writing the book. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died before the book was officially published. It is such a successful book. Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China.

35．What did Li Shizhen’s father want Li Shizhen to do?

A．To be a doctor.                   B．To write a book.                 C．To enter politics.

36．When he was 38, Li Shizhen cured ________.

A．his grandfather                   B．the son of the Prince of Chu      C．an official in that country

37．According to the passage, what was Li Shizhen famous for?

A．Working for the court.

B．Curing a lot of people.

C．The book, Compendium of Materia Medica.

38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor and wrote several books.

B．Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the imperial examination.

C．Compendium of Materia Medica is one of the most important medical books in China.

39．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Li Shizhen’s life.                B．Li Shizhen’s book.              C．Li Shizhen’s herbs.

…………

参考答案

1．impossible    2．three    3．fill    4．other    5．heard    6．through    7．drums    8．turned    9．these    10．more

【导语】本文主要讲述了诸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。

1．句意：一天，周瑜交给诸葛亮一项不可能完成的任务。根据“He asked him to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days”可知在10天内制作10万支箭是不可能的，impossible“不可能的”，形容词，故填impossible。

2．句意：我将在三天内给你带来十万支箭。根据“days”可知此处应用基数词修饰名词，three“三个”符合语境，故填three。

3．句意：诸葛亮让他的士兵们在20艘大船上装上稻草人。根据“20 large boats with many straw (稻草) men”可知是在船上装满稻草人，fill“装满”符合语境，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形，故填fill。

…………