一般过去时概述
一般过去时是小学阶段常用和常考的时态。一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；也可表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。例如：
He was ill last night. 昨晚他生病了。
Lili always went to school by bus last term.
上学期莉莉一直乘公共汽车上学。
Lao She wrote lots of great works.
老舍写了许多伟大的作品。
My uncle walked into the room, took off his clothes and went to bed. 我叔叔走进房间，脱下衣服，然后上床睡觉了。
如何识别一般过去时？
每种时态都有其独特的标志性词语（时间状语），即“标志词”，一般过去时常见的标志词有：
1.yesterday, yesterday/ morning / afternoon/ evening, the day before yesterday
2.this morning/afternoon/evening
3.last系列：last week / month / year / term…
4.ago系列：two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago, long long ago…
5.in / on + 过去的年/月/日，如in 2020, on April 5th, 2015
6.just now, then, at that time, one day, the other day, at the age of , once upon a time…
7.when引导的状语从句（动词过去时）
一般过去时的构成
be动词 主语 + was/ were… I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
行为动词 主语 + did +… He studied hard last year. 去年他努力学习。
动词过去式变化规则
| 一般情况下直接加-ed | look→looked play→played |
| 以不发音的e结尾，加-d | live→lived hope→hoped |
| 以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i加-ed | study→studied carry→carried |
| 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾字母加ed | stop→stopped plan→planned |
| 不规则变化 | is/am→was do→did
eat→ate get→got |
一般过去时的句式
be动词类
| 肯定句
主语 + was/were… |
否定句
主语 + was/were + not … |
| 一般疑问句
Was/Were +主语 + …? |
肯定回答和否定回答
Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. |
| 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语 + …? |
回答不能用Yes或者No，要根据询问的话题和内容具体回答。 |
▲助动词类和情态动词，须用相应的过去式，如would，could等，句式与be动词类相同。
行为动词类
| 肯定句
主语 + did +… |
否定句
主语 + did not … +动词原形+… |
| 一般疑问句
Did +主语+动词原形+…? |
肯定回答和否定回答
Yes, 主语 + did. No, 主语 + didn’t. |
| 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+ did +主语+动词原形+…? |
回答不能用Yes或者No，要根据询问的话题和内容具体回答。 |
一般过去时的用法
| 用 法 | 示 例 |
| 表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态 | I had a rest just now. 我刚才休息了一下。
My mother was busy last night. 我妈妈昨晚很忙。 |
| 表示过去反复和经常性的动作 | We often played together last year. 去年我们常在一起玩。
He went to the bookshop twice a week. 他每周去书店两次。 |
| 表示过去的一系列动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用 and 连结。 | He stood up, looked around and went into the old house. 他站起来，环顾了一下四周，然后走进了那所旧房子。 |
| 上下文中的语境 | — Your skirt is beautiful!
你的裙子真漂亮！ — Thank you. My mother bought it for me. 谢谢。它是我母亲给我买的。 |
实战演练
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.— _______ Mary _______ her homework yesterday?
— No, she _______. (do)
2.I ________ (finish) my homework this morning.
3.He _______(not go) to the new zoo last weekend.
4.There _______(be) many trees three years ago.
5.We _______(live) America in May 2019.
6.I _______(see) your brother just now in the park.
7.One day I _______(meet) my classmate Jack in the street.
8.He _______(study) in a university at the age of 16.
9.— What did you do when you _______(get) home?
— I _______(clean) my room, _______(watch) TV and _______(cook) dinner.
10.They _______(catch) a lot of fish when they stayed in the farm.
参考答案
1.Did；do；didn’t 2. finished 3.didn’t go 4. were 5.lived 6. saw
7.met 8. studied 9.got；cleaned；watched；cooked 10.caught
……………
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